thelbouffi · June 22, 2019 21:53 · Jun 22, 2019 · Jun 22, 2019 · Jun 22, 2019 · Jun 22, 2019
diff --git a/virtualbox_installation.txt b/virtualbox_installation.txt
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ when installing on virtualox we have to install Guest Additions, to be able to i
 - first way: from terminal 
 pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils => for VirtualBox Guest utilities with X support, then choose for the default linux kernel choose virtualbox-guest-modules-arch and for non-default kernels choose virtualbox-guest-dkms
 pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils-nox => for VirtualBox Guest utilities without X support
+systemctl enable vboxservice
+reboot
 
 - second way: 
 mount the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso on cdrom of virtualbox app

diff --git a/virtualbox_installation.txt b/virtualbox_installation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+when installing on virtualox we have to install Guest Additions, to be able to improve image resolution and better control of the mouse. :
+
+- first way: from terminal 
+pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils => for VirtualBox Guest utilities with X support, then choose for the default linux kernel choose virtualbox-guest-modules-arch and for non-default kernels choose virtualbox-guest-dkms
+pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils-nox => for VirtualBox Guest utilities without X support
+
+- second way: 
+mount the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso on cdrom of virtualbox app
+mount /dev/cdrom /mnt => this will mount the  cdrom
+cd /mnt
+./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
+
+========
+NOTE:
+========
+we may need to have as graphical card VBoxVGA to be able to have full screen
+so go to the virtualbox app => arch vdi setting => display => choose as graphics controller VBoxVGA
+
+
diff --git a/5_lxde_installation.txt b/5_lxde_installation.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ GNOME - gdm
 LXDE - lxdm
 Universal Display manager - lgthdm, mdm-dispaly-manager, slim, xorg-xdm  
 
-pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit => the default package of xorg is xorg-server and the other are utilities that we may need later
+pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit => the default package of xorg is xorg-server and the other are utilities that we may need later
 pacman -S driver-of-my-gpu
 pacman -S lxdm
 

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ III- Mount partitions to system
   The reason why we mount in this way (one partion at /mnt and the second partition as folder in that parttion /mnt/boot)
   is to allow pacstrap to write into a single folder wich in facts write in two partitions and that makes it easy to install
   So pacstrap will put the base system onto the mount point wich write it into both partitions some inside /mnt/boot and some into /mnt 
+
+  NOTE: if we have a swap partition we dont need to mount it
 =======================================================
 IV- Install the base packages
   pacstrap is a binary of arch (/usr/bin/pacstarp) it writes the base system to a mount point

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -13,13 +13,23 @@ I- Partitionate the disk
   w
   fdisk -l
 
-  NOTE: we can also partitionate using cfdisk
+  NOTE: 
+  - we can also partitionate using cfdisk
+  - normally we should create 3 partitions boot partition, swap partition and root partition
 
 ======================================================
 II- Format
 mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1
 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
 
+NOTE:
+if we have 3 partitions sda1 sda2 and sda3, we can format them like that:
+mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1 => for the boot also we can format using ext4
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 => for the root partition
+mkswap /dev/sda2
+swapon /dev/sda2 => for the swap partition
+
+
 ======================================================
 III- Mount partitions to system
   ls -l /mnt==> we should fint nothing

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ I- Partitionate the disk
   w
   fdisk -l
 
+  NOTE: we can also partitionate using cfdisk
+
 ======================================================
 II- Format
 mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -116,5 +116,10 @@ reboot
 
 now we can access arch from Boot existing os
 
+============================================================
+XII - Logging
+we boot from Boot existing os
+we insert for login : root
+for password: the password that we created
 
 
diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ The GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) is the first program which starts when the p
 pacman -S grub
 grub-install /dev/sda
 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-reboot
 
 df -h => to see our disk how it looks like
 

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ grub is meant for allowing us access arch from Boot existing os
 The GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) is the first program which starts when the program is switched on. The bootloader transfers the control to the operating system kernel.
 
 pacman -S grub
-grub install /dev/sda
+grub-install /dev/sda
 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 reboot
 

diff --git a/2_in_case_of_pb_after_installation.txt b/2_in_case_of_pb_after_installation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+back to Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)
+
+mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
+mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
+arch-chroot /mnt
+
+make the fix you want
+
+exit
+umount /mnt/boot
+umount /mnt
+reboot
+
+then Boot from existing os
diff --git a/2_install_grub.txt b/2_install_grub.txt
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-pacman -S grub
-grub install /dev/sda
-grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-reboot
-
-df -h => to see our disk how it looks like

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -94,9 +94,21 @@ for me I did:
 IX- set password
 passwd => insert the new password
 
+==========================================================
+X- install grub
+
+grub is meant for allowing us access arch from Boot existing os
+The GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) is the first program which starts when the program is switched on. The bootloader transfers the control to the operating system kernel.
+
+pacman -S grub
+grub install /dev/sda
+grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
+reboot
+
+df -h => to see our disk how it looks like
 
 ===========================================================
-X- Exit
+XI- Exit
 now we can exit from chroot envirement
 exit
 umount /mnt/boot

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ passwd => insert the new password
 X- Exit
 now we can exit from chroot envirement
 exit
-unmount /mnt/boot
-unmount /mnt
+umount /mnt/boot
+umount /mnt
 reboot
 
 now we can access arch from Boot existing os

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ for me I did:
 127.0.0.1 localhost myHostname
 
 ==========================================================
-IX- set passwd
-insert the new password 
+IX- set password
+passwd => insert the new password
 
 
 ===========================================================

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -80,12 +80,16 @@ hostname => to see the new hostname
 IX- set hosts file
 it contains different host names to ip adresses
 
+on docs we have
 nano /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1	localhost
 ::1		localhost
 127.0.1.1	myhostname.localdomain	myhostname
 then save
 
+for me I did:
+127.0.0.1 localhost myHostname
+
 ==========================================================
 IX- set passwd
 insert the new password 

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ locale-gen => will generate locale uncommented
 now we should create the locale.conf
 nano /etc/locale.conf => and then add the LANG and KEYMAP for example
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
-KEYMAP=de-latin1
 and finally ctrl+O and ctrl+X to save
 
 ==========================================================

diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ IV- Install the base packages
 
 =======================================================
 V- Generate the fsatb file
-genstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
+genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
 cat /mnt/etc/fstab => to chack its content
 
 what this file does is once our system boots it will use this file to know:
@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@ date => to check out the time
 ==========================================================
 VIII- set localization
 we will generate the local files
-nano /etc/locale.gen => uncomment locale you want and save
+nano /etc/locale.gen => uncomment locale you want and ctrl+O and ctrl+X to save
 
 locale-gen => will generate locale uncommented
 
 now we should create the locale.conf
 nano /etc/locale.conf => and then add the LANG and KEYMAP for example
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 KEYMAP=de-latin1
-and finally ctrl+X to save
+and finally ctrl+O and ctrl+X to save
 
 ==========================================================
 IX- set hostname 

diff --git a/5_lxde_installation.txt b/5_lxde_installation.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,30 @@
+another example of installing dektop env.
+===================================
+part 1: create a user acount
+
+useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash taha => creates a user called taha -s to use bash as defalut shell -m create /home/taha -g to add taha to group of users
+passwd taha
+visudo => to add taha to sudoers, when visudo opened scroll to root ALL=(ALL) ALL and insert taha ALL=(ALL) ALL
+
+=====================================
+part 2: install prerequisites (display server, graphics driver, display manager)
+
+* display server is the link between software and hardware, it allows the computer to display images taht we want by configuring the graphic card to dispaly them on the monitor => the most popular display server is xorg
+*find the appropriate gpu driver and install it, xf86-video-vesa is a standard of all gpu cards
+*display manager is the login page, for each desktop env ther is a recomanded display manager like below in the list: 
+KDE Plasma 5 - sddm
+KDE4 - kdm*
+GNOME - gdm
+LXDE - lxdm
+Universal Display manager - lgthdm, mdm-dispaly-manager, slim, xorg-xdm  
+
+pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit => the default package of xorg is xorg-server and the other are utilities that we may need later
+pacman -S driver-of-my-gpu
+pacman -S lxdm
+
+======
+NOTE:
+======
 To choose the right driver, first detect the graphics card. lspci can be used for this task:
 
 lspci -v => all devices

diff --git a/5_lxde_installation.txt b/5_lxde_installation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+To choose the right driver, first detect the graphics card. lspci can be used for this task:
+
+lspci -v => all devices
+
+or
+
+root #lspci | grep -i VGA
+This should show something like this:
+
+root #lspci | grep -i VGA
+00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
+
+the 3rd gen is an intel i915
+
+Generation	Chipset	                                      OpenGL OpenGL-ES OpenCL VAAPI  Vulkan  VIDEO_CARDS
+Gen 3	915G/GM, 945G/GM, G/Q33, Q35, Atom D4xx/D5xx/N4xx/N5xx	 1.4	 No	 No	 No    No   intel i915
+
+so we will install for intel the driver xf86-video-intel
+
+Note that generally for:
+AMD -> xf86-video-amdgpu
+NVIDIA -> xf86-video-nouveau
+INTEL -> xf86-video-intel
+xf86-video-vesa is a standard driver
+
+pacman -S xf86-video-intel
+
+=========================================
+part 3: install the desktop environement
+
+we are going to instal the group that contains the packages that we need for tha desktop environment
+KDE Plasma 5 -> plasma
+Cinnamon -> cinnamon
+GNOME -> gnome
+LXDE -> lxde or lxde-gtk3*
+MATE -> lxde or mate-gtk3*
+Xfce -> xfce4
+
+pacman -S lxde
+
+By default it only install the minimum of desktop env, and not many other apps that go with it, to do that we can install other packages that have a bundle of group of packages like
+KDE Plasma 5 -> kade-applications
+Cinnamon -> N/A (not applicable or available)
+GNOME -> gnome-extra
+LXDE ->  (not applicable or available)
+MATE -> mate-extra
+Xfce -> xfce4-goodies
+
+=================================================
+part 4: launch the display manager while booting
+
+systemctl enable lxdm
+systemctl start lxdm
+reboot
diff --git a/enable_networking.txt → 3_enable_networking.txt b/enable_networking.txt → 3_enable_networking.txt
diff --git a/add_mate_dm.txt → 4_add_mate_dm.txt b/add_mate_dm.txt → 4_add_mate_dm.txt
diff --git a/add_mate_dm.txt b/add_mate_dm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+to get somthing graphical on our machine we need: desktop or display managers "dms" & desktop environement "des"
+globaly we need:
+- X server
+- GPU driver
+- Window Manager (Gnome, KDE, i3wm)
+- Apps (terminal urxvt for example)
+for our example we will install:
+- 1st we need xorg-server: X server
+Xorg is the X Window server which allows users to have a graphical environment at their fingertips. X provides the basic framework for a GUI environment: drawing and moving windows on the display device and interacting with a mouse and keyboard. The X.Org Server implements the server side of the X Window System core protocol 
+- 2nd lxdm: display manager
+LXDM is a lightweight display manager for the LXDE desktop environment. 
+- 3rd mate is one of many desktop env like gnome, kde, kde/plasma, lxde, Xfce, nome
+- 4th mate-extra
+
+pacman -S xorg-server lxdm mate mate-extra
+useradd -m -d /home/taha taha => we need a user with pwd beacause on arch we are root
+passwd taha
+systemctl enable lxdm
+systemctl start lxdm => launch the display manager
+
+
+==================================================== 
+NOTE: to go back to arch terminal ctrl + F2 
+
+====================================================
+to let a user do root things
+ctrl+F2
+login
+nano /etc/sudoers
+taha ALL=(ALL) ALL
diff --git a/enable_networking.txt b/enable_networking.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ note that Arch comes with systemd wich means we have systemctl command
 
 ip addr => to see if we have a network interface
 
-systemctl enable dhcpcd
+systemctl enable dhcpcd => to make this service start each time we reboot
 systemctl start dhcpcd
 
 this will enable our network interface and we ill have an IP to work with

diff --git a/enable_networking.txt b/enable_networking.txt
@@ -8,3 +8,7 @@ systemctl enable dhcpcd
 systemctl start dhcpcd
 
 this will enable our network interface and we ill have an IP to work with
+
+to test if it works
+
+ping google.com
diff --git a/2_install_grub.txt b/2_install_grub.txt
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ grub install /dev/sda
 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 reboot
 
-df -h => to see 
+df -h => to see our disk how it looks like
diff --git a/enable_networking.txt b/enable_networking.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+networking is not enabled (so ifconfig ping wont work) => we need to enable DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) precisely DHCP clinet which is for Arch it's dhcpcd.
+
+note that Arch comes with systemd wich means we have systemctl command
+
+ip addr => to see if we have a network interface
+
+systemctl enable dhcpcd
+systemctl start dhcpcd
+
+this will enable our network interface and we ill have an IP to work with
diff --git a/1_install_arch_linux.txt b/1_install_arch_linux.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+=======================================================
+I- Partitionate the disk
+  fdisk -l
+  fdisk /dev/sda
+  * boot partition
+  n -> p -> enter -> enter (defines first sector for boot partition by default 2048) -> 1002048 sectors (defines last sector for boot partition)
+  a (toogle boot) -> t (type) -> ef (EFI)
+  * disk parttion
+  n -> p -> enter -> enter (fst sector) -> enter (last sector)
+  * to see parttion table
+  p
+  * to write save & quit
+  w
+  fdisk -l
+
+======================================================
+II- Format
+mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
+
+======================================================
+III- Mount partitions to system
+  ls -l /mnt==> we should fint nothing
+  mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
+  mkdir /mnt/boot
+  mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
+  df -h ==> should print that /dev/sda1 & /dev/sda2 are mounted
+
+  The reason why we mount in this way (one partion at /mnt and the second partition as folder in that parttion /mnt/boot)
+  is to allow pacstrap to write into a single folder wich in facts write in two partitions and that makes it easy to install
+  So pacstrap will put the base system onto the mount point wich write it into both partitions some inside /mnt/boot and some into /mnt 
+=======================================================
+IV- Install the base packages
+  pacstrap is a binary of arch (/usr/bin/pacstarp) it writes the base system to a mount point
+
+  pacstrap /mnt base => live installation will start
+
+=======================================================
+V- Generate the fsatb file
+genstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
+cat /mnt/etc/fstab => to chack its content
+
+what this file does is once our system boots it will use this file to know:
+which partions to mount, where to mount them, the options to mount them with and then the order of mounting
+In our case it will be two entries:
+* the root system /dev/sda2 mounetd on / its type is ext4 read/write
+* the boot partition mounetd at /boot type vfat
+
+blkid  ==> this command also give us idea about the system mounted partition
+
+========================================================
+VI- chroot the system
+arch-chroot /mnt => arch linux iso root will change to our installed / (but we are still on the iso)
+
+=========================================================
+VII- set time zone
+now we are on our system any thing we will it will remain on our system, so we can set time
+ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/africa/casablanca /etc/localtime
+date => to check out the time
+
+==========================================================
+VIII- set localization
+we will generate the local files
+nano /etc/locale.gen => uncomment locale you want and save
+
+locale-gen => will generate locale uncommented
+
+now we should create the locale.conf
+nano /etc/locale.conf => and then add the LANG and KEYMAP for example
+LANG=en_US.UTF-8
+KEYMAP=de-latin1
+and finally ctrl+X to save
+
+==========================================================
+IX- set hostname 
+hostname => to see the actual hostname it will be archiso
+nano /etc/hostname => insert wanted hostname myHostname then ctrl+X
+hostname => to see the new hostname
+
+==========================================================
+IX- set hosts file
+it contains different host names to ip adresses
+
+nano /etc/hosts
+127.0.0.1	localhost
+::1		localhost
+127.0.1.1	myhostname.localdomain	myhostname
+then save
+
+==========================================================
+IX- set passwd
+insert the new password 
+
+
+===========================================================
+X- Exit
+now we can exit from chroot envirement
+exit
+unmount /mnt/boot
+unmount /mnt
+reboot
+
+now we can access arch from Boot existing os
+
+
+
diff --git a/2_install_grub.txt b/2_install_grub.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pacman -S grub
+grub install /dev/sda
+grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
+reboot
+
+df -h => to see
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