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install arch linux
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| ======================================================= | |
| I- Partitionate the disk | |
| fdisk -l | |
| fdisk /dev/sda | |
| * boot partition | |
| n -> p -> enter -> enter (defines first sector for boot partition by default 2048) -> 1002048 sectors (defines last sector for boot partition) | |
| a (toogle boot) -> t (type) -> ef (EFI) | |
| * disk parttion | |
| n -> p -> enter -> enter (fst sector) -> enter (last sector) | |
| * to see parttion table | |
| p | |
| * to write save & quit | |
| w | |
| fdisk -l | |
| ====================================================== | |
| II- Format | |
| mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1 | |
| mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 | |
| ====================================================== | |
| III- Mount partitions to system | |
| ls -l /mnt==> we should fint nothing | |
| mount /dev/sda2 /mnt | |
| mkdir /mnt/boot | |
| mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot | |
| df -h ==> should print that /dev/sda1 & /dev/sda2 are mounted | |
| The reason why we mount in this way (one partion at /mnt and the second partition as folder in that parttion /mnt/boot) | |
| is to allow pacstrap to write into a single folder wich in facts write in two partitions and that makes it easy to install | |
| So pacstrap will put the base system onto the mount point wich write it into both partitions some inside /mnt/boot and some into /mnt | |
| ======================================================= | |
| IV- Install the base packages | |
| pacstrap is a binary of arch (/usr/bin/pacstarp) it writes the base system to a mount point | |
| pacstrap /mnt base => live installation will start | |
| ======================================================= | |
| V- Generate the fsatb file | |
| genstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab | |
| cat /mnt/etc/fstab => to chack its content | |
| what this file does is once our system boots it will use this file to know: | |
| which partions to mount, where to mount them, the options to mount them with and then the order of mounting | |
| In our case it will be two entries: | |
| * the root system /dev/sda2 mounetd on / its type is ext4 read/write | |
| * the boot partition mounetd at /boot type vfat | |
| blkid ==> this command also give us idea about the system mounted partition | |
| ======================================================== | |
| VI- chroot the system | |
| arch-chroot /mnt => arch linux iso root will change to our installed / (but we are still on the iso) | |
| ========================================================= | |
| VII- set time zone | |
| now we are on our system any thing we will it will remain on our system, so we can set time | |
| ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/africa/casablanca /etc/localtime | |
| date => to check out the time | |
| ========================================================== | |
| VIII- set localization | |
| we will generate the local files | |
| nano /etc/locale.gen => uncomment locale you want and save | |
| locale-gen => will generate locale uncommented | |
| now we should create the locale.conf | |
| nano /etc/locale.conf => and then add the LANG and KEYMAP for example | |
| LANG=en_US.UTF-8 | |
| KEYMAP=de-latin1 | |
| and finally ctrl+X to save | |
| ========================================================== | |
| IX- set hostname | |
| hostname => to see the actual hostname it will be archiso | |
| nano /etc/hostname => insert wanted hostname myHostname then ctrl+X | |
| hostname => to see the new hostname | |
| ========================================================== | |
| IX- set hosts file | |
| it contains different host names to ip adresses | |
| nano /etc/hosts | |
| 127.0.0.1 localhost | |
| ::1 localhost | |
| 127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname | |
| then save | |
| ========================================================== | |
| IX- set passwd | |
| insert the new password | |
| =========================================================== | |
| X- Exit | |
| now we can exit from chroot envirement | |
| exit | |
| unmount /mnt/boot | |
| unmount /mnt | |
| reboot | |
| now we can access arch from Boot existing os | |
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| pacman -S grub | |
| grub install /dev/sda | |
| grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg | |
| reboot | |
| df -h => to see our disk how it looks like |
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| networking is not enabled (so ifconfig ping wont work) => we need to enable DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) precisely DHCP clinet which is for Arch it's dhcpcd. | |
| note that Arch comes with systemd wich means we have systemctl command | |
| ip addr => to see if we have a network interface | |
| systemctl enable dhcpcd | |
| systemctl start dhcpcd | |
| this will enable our network interface and we ill have an IP to work with |
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