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thelbouffi/1_install_arch_linux.txt

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install arch linux
Raw
1_install_arch_linux.txt
=======================================================
I- Partitionate the disk
fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sda
* boot partition
n -> p -> enter -> enter (defines first sector for boot partition by default 2048) -> 1002048 sectors (defines last sector for boot partition)
a (toogle boot) -> t (type) -> ef (EFI)
* disk parttion
n -> p -> enter -> enter (fst sector) -> enter (last sector)
* to see parttion table
p
* to write save & quit
w
fdisk -l
======================================================
II- Format
mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
======================================================
III- Mount partitions to system
ls -l /mnt==> we should fint nothing
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
df -h ==> should print that /dev/sda1 & /dev/sda2 are mounted
The reason why we mount in this way (one partion at /mnt and the second partition as folder in that parttion /mnt/boot)
is to allow pacstrap to write into a single folder wich in facts write in two partitions and that makes it easy to install
So pacstrap will put the base system onto the mount point wich write it into both partitions some inside /mnt/boot and some into /mnt
=======================================================
IV- Install the base packages
pacstrap is a binary of arch (/usr/bin/pacstarp) it writes the base system to a mount point
pacstrap /mnt base => live installation will start
=======================================================
V- Generate the fsatb file
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
cat /mnt/etc/fstab => to chack its content
what this file does is once our system boots it will use this file to know:
which partions to mount, where to mount them, the options to mount them with and then the order of mounting
In our case it will be two entries:
* the root system /dev/sda2 mounetd on / its type is ext4 read/write
* the boot partition mounetd at /boot type vfat
blkid ==> this command also give us idea about the system mounted partition
========================================================
VI- chroot the system
arch-chroot /mnt => arch linux iso root will change to our installed / (but we are still on the iso)
=========================================================
VII- set time zone
now we are on our system any thing we will it will remain on our system, so we can set time
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/africa/casablanca /etc/localtime
date => to check out the time
==========================================================
VIII- set localization
we will generate the local files
nano /etc/locale.gen => uncomment locale you want and ctrl+O and ctrl+X to save
locale-gen => will generate locale uncommented
now we should create the locale.conf
nano /etc/locale.conf => and then add the LANG and KEYMAP for example
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
and finally ctrl+O and ctrl+X to save
==========================================================
IX- set hostname
hostname => to see the actual hostname it will be archiso
nano /etc/hostname => insert wanted hostname myHostname then ctrl+X
hostname => to see the new hostname
==========================================================
IX- set hosts file
it contains different host names to ip adresses
on docs we have
nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
then save
for me I did:
127.0.0.1 localhost myHostname
==========================================================
IX- set password
passwd => insert the new password
===========================================================
X- Exit
now we can exit from chroot envirement
exit
unmount /mnt/boot
unmount /mnt
reboot
now we can access arch from Boot existing os
Raw
2_install_grub.txt
pacman -S grub
grub install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
reboot
df -h => to see our disk how it looks like
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3_enable_networking.txt
networking is not enabled (so ifconfig ping wont work) => we need to enable DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) precisely DHCP clinet which is for Arch it's dhcpcd.
note that Arch comes with systemd wich means we have systemctl command
ip addr => to see if we have a network interface
systemctl enable dhcpcd => to make this service start each time we reboot
systemctl start dhcpcd
this will enable our network interface and we ill have an IP to work with
to test if it works
ping google.com
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4_add_mate_dm.txt
to get somthing graphical on our machine we need: desktop or display managers "dms" & desktop environement "des"
globaly we need:
- X server
- GPU driver
- Window Manager (Gnome, KDE, i3wm)
- Apps (terminal urxvt for example)
for our example we will install:
- 1st we need xorg-server: X server
Xorg is the X Window server which allows users to have a graphical environment at their fingertips. X provides the basic framework for a GUI environment: drawing and moving windows on the display device and interacting with a mouse and keyboard. The X.Org Server implements the server side of the X Window System core protocol
- 2nd lxdm: display manager
LXDM is a lightweight display manager for the LXDE desktop environment.
- 3rd mate is one of many desktop env like gnome, kde, kde/plasma, lxde, Xfce, nome
- 4th mate-extra
pacman -S xorg-server lxdm mate mate-extra
useradd -m -d /home/taha taha => we need a user with pwd beacause on arch we are root
passwd taha
systemctl enable lxdm
systemctl start lxdm => launch the display manager
====================================================
NOTE: to go back to arch terminal ctrl + F2
====================================================
to let a user do root things
ctrl+F2
login
nano /etc/sudoers
taha ALL=(ALL) ALL
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5_lxde_installation.txt
another example of installing dektop env.
===================================
part 1: create a user acount
useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash taha => creates a user called taha -s to use bash as defalut shell -m create /home/taha -g to add taha to group of users
passwd taha
visudo => to add taha to sudoers, when visudo opened scroll to root ALL=(ALL) ALL and insert taha ALL=(ALL) ALL
=====================================
part 2: install prerequisites (display server, graphics driver, display manager)
* display server is the link between software and hardware, it allows the computer to display images taht we want by configuring the graphic card to dispaly them on the monitor => the most popular display server is xorg
*find the appropriate gpu driver and install it, xf86-video-vesa is a standard of all gpu cards
*display manager is the login page, for each desktop env ther is a recomanded display manager like below in the list:
KDE Plasma 5 - sddm
KDE4 - kdm*
GNOME - gdm
LXDE - lxdm
Universal Display manager - lgthdm, mdm-dispaly-manager, slim, xorg-xdm
pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit => the default package of xorg is xorg-server and the other are utilities that we may need later
pacman -S driver-of-my-gpu
pacman -S lxdm
======
NOTE:
======
To choose the right driver, first detect the graphics card. lspci can be used for this task:
lspci -v => all devices
or
root #lspci | grep -i VGA
This should show something like this:
root #lspci | grep -i VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
the 3rd gen is an intel i915
Generation Chipset OpenGL OpenGL-ES OpenCL VAAPI Vulkan VIDEO_CARDS
Gen 3 915G/GM, 945G/GM, G/Q33, Q35, Atom D4xx/D5xx/N4xx/N5xx 1.4 No No No No intel i915
so we will install for intel the driver xf86-video-intel
Note that generally for:
AMD -> xf86-video-amdgpu
NVIDIA -> xf86-video-nouveau
INTEL -> xf86-video-intel
xf86-video-vesa is a standard driver
pacman -S xf86-video-intel
=========================================
part 3: install the desktop environement
we are going to instal the group that contains the packages that we need for tha desktop environment
KDE Plasma 5 -> plasma
Cinnamon -> cinnamon
GNOME -> gnome
LXDE -> lxde or lxde-gtk3*
MATE -> lxde or mate-gtk3*
Xfce -> xfce4
pacman -S lxde
By default it only install the minimum of desktop env, and not many other apps that go with it, to do that we can install other packages that have a bundle of group of packages like
KDE Plasma 5 -> kade-applications
Cinnamon -> N/A (not applicable or available)
GNOME -> gnome-extra
LXDE -> (not applicable or available)
MATE -> mate-extra
Xfce -> xfce4-goodies
=================================================
part 4: launch the display manager while booting
systemctl enable lxdm
systemctl start lxdm
reboot
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