cadadr · March 18, 2021 08:02 · Mar 18, 2021 · Mar 18, 2021 · Mar 18, 2021
diff --git a/NaturalClasses.pdf b/NaturalClasses.pdf
diff --git a/NaturalClasses.pdf b/NaturalClasses.pdf
diff --git a/NaturalClasses.org b/NaturalClasses.org
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+* Natural Classes
+:PROPERTIES:
+:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: NaturalClasses
+:END:
+
+#+options: toc:nil tags:nil num:nil todo:nil
+#+language: english
+
+#+latex_class: article
+#+latex_header_extra: \usepackage{fontspec}
+#+latex_header_extra: \usepackage[margin=0.5cm,lmargin=3cm]{geometry}
+#+latex_header_extra: \renewcommand{\maketitle}{}
+
+#+begin_export latex
+\setromanfont[%
+ SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O,
+ SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps}
+]{DejaVu Sans Condensed}
+
+\setmainfont[%
+ SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O,
+ SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps}
+]{DejaVu Sans Condensed}
+#+end_export
+
+- *Laryngeals* _only_ have *major-class* feature specifications,
+  they aren’t specified for manner or for place features.
+
+- p. 68: «(The term ‘lateral’ is used for any l-type sounds, while the
+  term ‘rhotic’ refers to any r-type sound; laterals and rhotics are
+  often referred to as *liquids*.)»
+
+- major-class features :: (where [-feature] is omitted, it means
+  "rest is [-feature]")
+  - [±consonantal] = [±cons] ::
+    - [+cons] :: plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasals, laterals, [r]
+    - [-cons] :: vowels, glides, laryngeals
+  - [±sonorant] = [±son] ::
+    - [+son] :: vowels, glides, liquids, nasals
+    - [-son] :: obstruents = plosives, affricates, fricatives, laryngeals
+  - [±approximant] = [±approx] ::
+    - [+approx] :: vowels, non-nasal sonorants (glides, liquids)
+    - [-approx] :: nasals, obstruents
+
+- laryngeal features ::
+  - [±voice] ::
+    - [+voice] :: sonorants and voiced obstruents
+    - [-voice] :: voiceless obstruents
+  - [±spread glottis] = [±spread] ::
+    - [+spread] :: aspirated segments and [h ɦ]
+  - [±constricted glottis] = [±constr] ::
+    - [+constr] :: [ʔ], laryngealised sonorants, glottalised
+      obstruents, implosives
+
+- manner features ::
+  - [±continuant] = [±cont] ::
+    - [+cont] :: plosives, nasal consonants, affricates, laterals
+  - [±nasal] = [±nas] ::
+    - [+nas] :: nasalised vowels and nasal consonants
+  - [±strident] ::
+    - [+strident] :: obstruents with noisier frication, affricates
+      (controversial)
+    - [-strident] :: other obstruents
+  - [±lateral] = [±lat] ::
+    - [+lateral] :: l-type sounds
+
+- *[l]* is ambiguous with regards to *[±cont]*
+
+- place features :: (where [-feature] is omitted, it means "rest is
+  [-feature]")
+  - [labial] ::
+    - [±round] ::
+      - [+round] :: has lip rounding (round vowels, labialised
+        consonants)
+  - [coronal] :: [θ ~ j]
+    - [±anterior] = [±ant] ::
+      - [+ant] :: the crown articulates with alveolar ridge or
+        somewhere further forward
+    - [±distributed] = [±distr] ::
+      - [+distr] :: produced with a constriction extending for a
+        relatively great distance along the vocal tract, e.g. [ʃ, ʧ,
+        ʒ, θ, ð].
+  - [dorsal] :: bunched dorsum velars, fronted velars, uvulars,
+    vowels. sub-features of [dorsal] are termed /tongue body features/.
+    - [±high] ::
+      - [+high] :: dorsum raised close to the roof of the mouth
+    - [±low] ::
+      - [+low] :: bunched dorsum low in the mouth
+    - [±back] ::
+      - [+back] :: bunched dorsum positioned in the centre or further
+        back: velar and uvular consonants, centre and back vowels
+      - [-back] :: fronted velars and front vowels
+    - [±tense] :: [+tense] vowels are produced with a more peripheral
+      and somewhat closer tongue position that [-tense] ones; only
+      relevant if the language distinguishes between tense/lax vowels
+      - [+tense] :: [i e a o u...]
+      - [-tense] ::  [ɪ ɛ ɑ ɔ ʊ...]
+    - [±Advanced Tongue Root] = [±ATR] :: similar to [+tense]
+      - [+ATR] :: forward position of tongue body, enlarging the pharynx
+    - [±Retracted Tongue Root] = [±RTR] :: similar to [-tense]
+      - [+RTR] :: retraction and lowering of tongue body, narrowing
+        the pharynx
+  - [radical] = [pharyngeal] :: articulated with the root of the
+    tongue
diff --git a/NaturalClasses.tex b/NaturalClasses.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+% Created 2021-03-18 Prş 10:40
+% Intended LaTeX compiler: xelatex
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{grffile}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{rotating}
+\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{capt-of}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage{fontspec}
+\usepackage[margin=0.5cm,lmargin=3cm]{geometry}
+\renewcommand{\maketitle}{}
+\author{Göktuğ Kayaalp}
+\date{\today}
+\title{Natural Classes\\\medskip
+\large From Gussenhoven\&Jacobs 2016}
+\hypersetup{
+ pdfauthor={Göktuğ Kayaalp},
+ pdftitle={Natural Classes},
+ pdfkeywords={},
+ pdfsubject={},
+ pdfcreator={Emacs 28.0.50 (Org mode 9.4.4)}, 
+ pdflang={English}}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+\setromanfont[%
+ SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O,
+ SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps}
+]{DejaVu Sans Condensed}
+
+\setmainfont[%
+ SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O,
+ SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps}
+]{DejaVu Sans Condensed}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Laryngeals} \uline{only} have \textbf{major-class} feature specifications,
+they aren’t specified for manner or for place features.
+
+\item p. 68: «(The term ‘lateral’ is used for any l-type sounds, while the
+term ‘rhotic’ refers to any r-type sound; laterals and rhotics are
+often referred to as \textbf{liquids}.)»
+
+\item[{major-class features}] (where [-feature] is omitted, it means
+"rest is [-feature]")
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[±consonantal] = [±cons]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+cons]}] plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasals, laterals, [r]
+\item[{[-cons]}] vowels, glides, laryngeals
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±sonorant] = [±son]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+son]}] vowels, glides, liquids, nasals
+\item[{[-son]}] obstruents = plosives, affricates, fricatives, laryngeals
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±approximant] = [±approx]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+approx]}] vowels, non-nasal sonorants (glides, liquids)
+\item[{[-approx]}] nasals, obstruents
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+
+\item[{laryngeal features}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[±voice]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+voice]}] sonorants and voiced obstruents
+\item[{[-voice]}] voiceless obstruents
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±spread glottis] = [±spread]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+spread]}] aspirated segments and [h ɦ]
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±constricted glottis] = [±constr]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+constr]}] [ʔ], laryngealised sonorants, glottalised
+obstruents, implosives
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+
+\item[{manner features}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[±continuant] = [±cont]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+cont]}] plosives, nasal consonants, affricates, laterals
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±nasal] = [±nas]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+nas]}] nasalised vowels and nasal consonants
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±strident]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+strident]}] obstruents with noisier frication, affricates
+(controversial)
+\item[{[-strident]}] other obstruents
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±lateral] = [±lat]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+lateral]}] l-type sounds
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+
+\item \textbf{[l]} is ambiguous with regards to \textbf{[±cont]}
+
+\item[{place features}] (where [-feature] is omitted, it means "rest is
+[-feature]")
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[labial]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[±round]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+round]}] has lip rounding (round vowels, labialised
+consonants)
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+\item[{[coronal]}] [θ \textasciitilde{} j]
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[±anterior] = [±ant]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+ant]}] the crown articulates with alveolar ridge or
+somewhere further forward
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±distributed] = [±distr]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+distr]}] produced with a constriction extending for a
+relatively great distance along the vocal tract, e.g. [ʃ, ʧ,
+ʒ, θ, ð].
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+\item[{[dorsal]}] bunched dorsum velars, fronted velars, uvulars,
+vowels. sub-features of [dorsal] are termed \emph{tongue body features}.
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[±high]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+high]}] dorsum raised close to the roof of the mouth
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±low]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+low]}] bunched dorsum low in the mouth
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±back]}] \begin{description}
+\item[{[+back]}] bunched dorsum positioned in the centre or further
+back: velar and uvular consonants, centre and back vowels
+\item[{[-back]}] fronted velars and front vowels
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±tense]}] [+tense] vowels are produced with a more peripheral
+and somewhat closer tongue position that [-tense] ones; only
+relevant if the language distinguishes between tense/lax vowels
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[+tense]}] [i e a o u\ldots{}]
+\item[{[-tense]}] [ɪ ɛ ɑ ɔ ʊ\ldots{}]
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±Advanced Tongue Root] = [±ATR]}] similar to [+tense]
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[+ATR]}] forward position of tongue body, enlarging the pharynx
+\end{description}
+\item[{[±Retracted Tongue Root] = [±RTR]}] similar to [-tense]
+\begin{description}
+\item[{[+RTR]}] retraction and lowering of tongue body, narrowing
+the pharynx
+\end{description}
+\end{description}
+\item[{[radical] = [pharyngeal]}] articulated with the root of the
+tongue
+\end{description}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{document}
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