|
% Created 2021-03-18 Prş 10:40 |
|
% Intended LaTeX compiler: xelatex |
|
\documentclass[11pt]{article} |
|
\usepackage{graphicx} |
|
\usepackage{grffile} |
|
\usepackage{longtable} |
|
\usepackage{wrapfig} |
|
\usepackage{rotating} |
|
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} |
|
\usepackage{amsmath} |
|
\usepackage{textcomp} |
|
\usepackage{amssymb} |
|
\usepackage{capt-of} |
|
\usepackage{hyperref} |
|
\usepackage{fontspec} |
|
\usepackage[margin=0.5cm,lmargin=3cm]{geometry} |
|
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{} |
|
\author{Göktuğ Kayaalp} |
|
\date{\today} |
|
\title{Natural Classes\\\medskip |
|
\large From Gussenhoven\&Jacobs 2016} |
|
\hypersetup{ |
|
pdfauthor={Göktuğ Kayaalp}, |
|
pdftitle={Natural Classes}, |
|
pdfkeywords={}, |
|
pdfsubject={}, |
|
pdfcreator={Emacs 28.0.50 (Org mode 9.4.4)}, |
|
pdflang={English}} |
|
\begin{document} |
|
|
|
\maketitle |
|
\setromanfont[% |
|
SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O, |
|
SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps} |
|
]{DejaVu Sans Condensed} |
|
|
|
\setmainfont[% |
|
SmallCapsFont=Linux Libertine O, |
|
SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps} |
|
]{DejaVu Sans Condensed} |
|
|
|
\begin{itemize} |
|
\item \textbf{Laryngeals} \uline{only} have \textbf{major-class} feature specifications, |
|
they aren’t specified for manner or for place features. |
|
|
|
\item p. 68: «(The term ‘lateral’ is used for any l-type sounds, while the |
|
term ‘rhotic’ refers to any r-type sound; laterals and rhotics are |
|
often referred to as \textbf{liquids}.)» |
|
|
|
\item[{major-class features}] (where [-feature] is omitted, it means |
|
"rest is [-feature]") |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±consonantal] = [±cons]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+cons]}] plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasals, laterals, [r] |
|
\item[{[-cons]}] vowels, glides, laryngeals |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±sonorant] = [±son]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+son]}] vowels, glides, liquids, nasals |
|
\item[{[-son]}] obstruents = plosives, affricates, fricatives, laryngeals |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±approximant] = [±approx]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+approx]}] vowels, non-nasal sonorants (glides, liquids) |
|
\item[{[-approx]}] nasals, obstruents |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
|
|
\item[{laryngeal features}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±voice]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+voice]}] sonorants and voiced obstruents |
|
\item[{[-voice]}] voiceless obstruents |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±spread glottis] = [±spread]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+spread]}] aspirated segments and [h ɦ] |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±constricted glottis] = [±constr]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+constr]}] [ʔ], laryngealised sonorants, glottalised |
|
obstruents, implosives |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
|
|
\item[{manner features}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±continuant] = [±cont]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+cont]}] plosives, nasal consonants, affricates, laterals |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±nasal] = [±nas]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+nas]}] nasalised vowels and nasal consonants |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±strident]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+strident]}] obstruents with noisier frication, affricates |
|
(controversial) |
|
\item[{[-strident]}] other obstruents |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±lateral] = [±lat]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+lateral]}] l-type sounds |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
|
|
\item \textbf{[l]} is ambiguous with regards to \textbf{[±cont]} |
|
|
|
\item[{place features}] (where [-feature] is omitted, it means "rest is |
|
[-feature]") |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[labial]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±round]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+round]}] has lip rounding (round vowels, labialised |
|
consonants) |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[coronal]}] [θ \textasciitilde{} j] |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±anterior] = [±ant]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+ant]}] the crown articulates with alveolar ridge or |
|
somewhere further forward |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±distributed] = [±distr]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+distr]}] produced with a constriction extending for a |
|
relatively great distance along the vocal tract, e.g. [ʃ, ʧ, |
|
ʒ, θ, ð]. |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[dorsal]}] bunched dorsum velars, fronted velars, uvulars, |
|
vowels. sub-features of [dorsal] are termed \emph{tongue body features}. |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[±high]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+high]}] dorsum raised close to the roof of the mouth |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±low]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+low]}] bunched dorsum low in the mouth |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±back]}] \begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+back]}] bunched dorsum positioned in the centre or further |
|
back: velar and uvular consonants, centre and back vowels |
|
\item[{[-back]}] fronted velars and front vowels |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±tense]}] [+tense] vowels are produced with a more peripheral |
|
and somewhat closer tongue position that [-tense] ones; only |
|
relevant if the language distinguishes between tense/lax vowels |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+tense]}] [i e a o u\ldots{}] |
|
\item[{[-tense]}] [ɪ ɛ ɑ ɔ ʊ\ldots{}] |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±Advanced Tongue Root] = [±ATR]}] similar to [+tense] |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+ATR]}] forward position of tongue body, enlarging the pharynx |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[±Retracted Tongue Root] = [±RTR]}] similar to [-tense] |
|
\begin{description} |
|
\item[{[+RTR]}] retraction and lowering of tongue body, narrowing |
|
the pharynx |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{description} |
|
\item[{[radical] = [pharyngeal]}] articulated with the root of the |
|
tongue |
|
\end{description} |
|
\end{itemize} |
|
\end{document} |
