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| I do work on ultra low latency financial markets systems. Like many in the industry, I am unable to divulge project specifics. However, I will attempt to answer your question. | |
| In general: | |
| At the lowest latencies you will find hardware based solutions. | |
| Then: Vendor-specific kernel bypass APIs. For example where you encode and decode frames, or use a (partial) TCP/IP stack implementation that does not follow the BSD socket API model. | |
| And then: Vendor-supplied drop-in (i.e. LD_PRELOAD) kernel bypass libraries, which re-implement the BSD socket API in a way that is transparent to the application. |