Statistics:

Statistics is defined as the mathematical science of making decisions and drawing conclusions from the data in situations of uncertainty.

Data:

The word data is used for numerical facts.

Datum:

A single numerical fact is datum.

Descriptive Statistics:

The procedure of describing and summarizing data in the form of plots and tables is called descriptive statistics.

Inferential Statistics:

The procedure of inference about the characteristic of the population based upon the characteristic ofits sample is called in French statistics.

Population:

Total area under discussion is called population and it is denoted by N.

Sample:

An enough and representative part of population is called sample and it is denoted by “n”.

Ratio:

The ratio of A to B is the fraction A/B.

Proportion:

A proportion is a special ratio of a part to its total.

Parameter:

All numerical values calculated from population are called parameter.

Statistic:

All medical values calculated from sample are called statistics.

Experiment:

Any study in which the scientist can control the allocation of treatments to the experimental unit iscalled and experiment.

Sample Survey:

In sample survey, there are no treatments. The units in the population under study are listed in aframe and sample of units is selected from the frame using a selection mechanism.

Subset:

If every element of a set A is also an element of set B then A is a subset of B.

Proper Subset:

If A is a subset of B and B contains at least one element which is not an element of A then A is saidto be a proper subset of B.

Finite Set:

Finite set contains a specific numbers of element.

Infinite:

Infinite set contains uncountable numbers.

Universal set:

A set contain all the elements of the sets under consideration is called universal set.

Dis-joint set:

Two set A and B are said to be disjoints if they have no element in common.

Overlapping Set:

Set A and B are said to be overlapping set if they have at least one element in common.

Venn Diagram:

Venn diagram is a diagram in which universal set is represented by a rectangle and its subset is represented by circles.

Permutation:

An arrangement of unit number of objects in a definite order is called permutation.

Combination:

An arrangement of unit number of objects without paying any order of selection is called combination.

Random Experiment:

An experiment which produce different results even though it is repeated a large number of timeunder similar condition is called random experiment.

Sample Space:

Collection of all possible outcomes from a random experiment is card sample space.

Event:

Any subset of the sample space is called an event.

Simple Event:

If an event consist of one sample point is called simple event.

Compound Event:

If an event consists of more than one sample point is called compound event.

Independent Event:

Two event A and B are said to be independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the occurrence of the other.

Dependent Event:

Two events A and B are said to be dependent if the occurrence of the one event effect the current of the second event.

Mutually Exclusive Events:

Two events A and B are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot occur together.

Equally likely Events:

Two events are said to be equally likely if they have the same chance of occurrence.

Exhaustive Events:

If the union of some mutually exclusive events are equal to sample space then these events are saidto be exhaustive events.

Bernoulli Trial:

A trial having two possible outcomes that is only success and failure is called Bernoulli trial.

Binominal Experiment:

An experiment in which the outcome can be classified as success or failure and in which theprobability of success remains constant from trial to trial is called by binomial experiment.

Properties of Binomial Distribution:

Each trial is classified into two category i-e success and failure.The probability of success remains constant from trial to trial.The repeated trials are independent.The experiment is repeated for a fixed number of times.

Hyper Geometric Distribution:

When the successive trials are without replacement then they are dependent and the probability ofsuccess change from one trial to trial such experimental is called hyper geometric experiment.

Properties of Hyper Geometric distribution:

The experiment is repeated for a fixed number of times.The successive trials are dependent.The probability of success varies from trial to trial.The outcome can be classified into two category success or failure.