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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -4,135 +4,6 @@ Translated to Markdown from [this ancient TeX file](https://mw.lojban.org/images Hover over a link to see the place structure. Click it to view gismu info on Wiktionary. # 1 Structures ## 1.1 Set, group, mass -
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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -4,6 +4,135 @@ Translated to Markdown from [this ancient TeX file](https://mw.lojban.org/images Hover over a link to see the place structure. Click it to view gismu info on Wiktionary. # Table of Contents - [1 Structures](#) - [1.1 Set, group, mass](#) - [1.2 Chaos/order](#) - [1.3 Linear order](#) - [1.4 Range](#) - [1.5 Comparison](#) - [1.6 Mathematics](#) - [2 Information](#) - [2.1 Language](#) - [2.2 Information carriers](#) - [2.3 Message](#) - [2.4 Communication](#) - [2.5 Cognition](#) - [3 Space](#) - [3.1 Relative position](#) - [3.2 Orientation](#) - [3.3 Range](#) - [3.4 Dimensions](#) - [3.5 Forms](#) - [3.5.1 Point](#) - [3.5.2 Line](#) - [3.5.3 Surface](#) - [3.5.4 Body](#) - [3.5.5 Material shapes](#) - [4 Time](#) - [4.1 Day](#) - [4.2 Calendar](#) - [4.3 Clock](#) - [5 Processes](#) - [5.1 Causality](#) - [5.2 Controlling processes](#) - [5.3 Interactive activity](#) - [5.3.1 Command](#) - [5.3.2 Conflict](#) - [6 Movement](#) - [6.1 Self-moving](#) - [6.1.1 Abstract](#) - [6.1.2 Active movement](#) - [6.1.3 Equilibrium](#) - [6.1.4 Passive motion](#) - [6.2 Manipulating objects](#) - [6.2.1 Move](#) - [6.2.2 Surface](#) - [6.2.3 Volume](#) - [6.2.4 Fluids](#) - [7 Physical world](#) - [7.1 Ontology](#) - [7.2 Basic notions](#) - [7.3 Physical properties](#) - [7.4 Measures](#) - [7.4.1 Metric](#) - [7.4.2 Non-metric](#) - [7.4.3 Exponents of 10](#) - [7.5 Substances](#) - [7.5.1 Aggregate state](#) - [7.5.2 Phase transitions](#) - [7.5.3 Chemical categories](#) - [7.5.4 Chemical elements](#) - [8 Nature](#) - [8.1 Cosmos](#) - [8.2 Earth](#) - [8.2.1 Hydrosphere](#) - [8.2.2 Atmosphere](#) - [8.2.3 Minerals](#) - [9 Life](#) - [9.1 Plants](#) - [9.1.1 Body parts](#) - [9.1.2 Flowers](#) - [9.1.3 Fruits](#) - [9.1.4 Vegetables](#) - [9.1.5 Grain](#) - [9.1.6 Other particular plants](#) - [9.2 Animals](#) - [9.2.1 Classes of animals](#) - [9.2.2 Particular animals](#) - [9.2.3 Body parts](#) - [9.2.4 Skin derivatives](#) - [9.2.5 Internal organs](#) - [9.3 Physiology](#) - [9.3.1 Digestion](#) - [9.3.2 Reproduction](#) - [9.3.3 Health/Decease](#) - [9.3.4 Behaviour](#) - [9.4 Perception](#) - [9.4.1 Hearing](#) - [9.4.2 Vision](#) - [9.4.3 Odor](#) - [9.4.4 Taste](#) - [9.4.5 Others](#) - [10 Psychology](#) - [10.1 Emotions, Affects](#) - [10.2 Attitude](#) - [10.3 Evaluation](#) - [11 Socium](#) - [11.1 Family](#) - [11.2 Social Institutions](#) - [11.2.1 Governement](#) - [11.2.2 Law](#) - [11.2.3 War](#) - [11.3 Economics](#) - [11.3.1 Property](#) - [11.3.2 Money](#) - [11.3.3 Trade](#) - [11.3.4 Business](#) - [12 Human Culture](#) - [12.1 Nations, Cultures](#) - [12.2 Geography](#) - [12.3 Multi-ethnic cultures](#) - [12.4 Nationalities](#) - [12.5 Religion](#) - [12.5.1 Particular religions](#) - [12.6 Art](#) - [13 Technology](#) - [13.1 Technological processes](#) - [13.2 Artificial substances](#) - [13.2.1 Materials](#) - [13.2.2 Beverages](#) - [13.2.3 Foods](#) - [13.3 Artifacts](#) - [13.3.1 Tools, Devices](#) - [13.3.2 Containers](#) - [13.3.3 Machines, Apparatus](#) - [13.4 Machine parts](#) - [13.5 Transport](#) - [13.6 House](#) - [13.7 Dress](#) # 1 Structures ## 1.1 Set, group, mass -
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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Translated to Markdown from [this ancient TeX file](https://mw.lojban.org/images # 1 Structures ## 1.1 Set, group, mass * **[girzu](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/girzu#Lojban "test")** (group) * **[gunma](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gunma#Lojban)** (jointly ‘mass’) * **[cmima](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cmima#Lojban)** (member) * **[pagbu](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pagbu#Lojban)** (part) -
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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -0,0 +1,1479 @@ # Lojban Thesaurus Translated to Markdown from [this ancient TeX file](https://mw.lojban.org/images/3/3b/119.sip). I’m not sure who made the original. # Structures ## Set, group, mass * **girzu** (group) * **gunma** (jointly ‘mass’) * **cmima** (member) * **pagbu** (part) * **klesi** (class) * **jbini** (between) * **cuxna** (choose) * **mupli** (example) * **basti** (replace ‘substitute’) * **kampu** (common) * **fadni** (ordinary) * **rirci** (rare) * **ralju** (principal) * **steci** (specific ‘special’) * **manfo** (uniform) * **vrici** (miscellaneous ‘various’) * **cnano** (norm) * **bende** (crew ‘band’) ## Chaos/order * **stura** (structure) * **ciste** (system) * **morna** (pattern ‘form’) * **ganzu** (organize) * **cnici** (orderly ‘neat’) * **kalsa** (chaotic) * **cunso** (random ‘chance’) * **pluja** (complicated ‘complex’) * **sampu** (simple) * **krati** (represent ‘proxy’) * **sarxe** (harmonious) * **vanbi** (environment ‘ambient’) * **javni** (rule) ## Linear order * **porsi** (sequence) * **liste** (list) * **fatne** (reverse) * **lidne** (precede ‘leader’) ## Range * **korbi** (edge ‘border, curb’) * **jimte** (limit) * **traji** (superlative ‘extreme’) * **milxe** (mild) * **bancu** (beyond) ## Comparison * **karbi** (compare) * **mapti** (fit ‘match’) * **cimni** (infinite) * **zasni** (temporary ‘transient’) * **mutce** (much) * **barda** (big ‘large’) * **cmalu** (small) * **zmadu** (more) * **mleca** (less) * **zenba** (increase ‘augment’) * **jdika** (decrease) * **stodi** (constant ‘stable’) * **cenba** (vary) * **banro** (grow) * **ctaru** (tide) * **jmina** (add ‘augment’) * **banzu** (suffice) * **dukse** (excess) * **claxu** (without ‘lack’) * **dunli** (equal) * **simsa** (similar) * **drata** (other) * **mintu** (same ‘identical’) * **frica** (differ) * **dukti** (opposite ‘contrary’) ## Mathematics * **cmaci** (mathematics) * **mekso** (MEX) * **namcu** (number) * **kancu** (count) * **kanji** (calculate ‘reckon’) * **saclu** (decimal) * **sumji** (sum) * **vimcu** (remove) * **pilji** (multiply ‘multiply’) * **dilcu** (quotient ‘division’) * **frinu** (fraction) * **tenfa** (exponential) * **dugri** (logarithm) * **fancu** (function) * **sumti** (argument) * **sinso** (sine) * **tanjo** (tangent) * **xadba** (half) * **judri** (address) # Information ## Language * **bangu** (language) * **sinxa** (sign) * **fanva** (translate) * **cmavo** (structure word) * **gadri** (article) * **gerna** (grammar) * **jufra** (sentence ‘phrase’) * **rafsi** (affix) * **rimni** (rhyme) * **slaka** (syllable) * **tanru** (phrase compound) * **valsi** (word) * **broda** (predicate var 1) * **brode** (predicate var 2) * **brodi** (predicate var 3) * **brodo** (predicate var 4) * **brodu** (predicate var 5) * **cmene** (name) * **gismu** (root word) * **lujvo** (affix compound) * **lerfu** (letteral) * **pandi** (punctuate) ## Information carriers * **ciska** (write ‘scribe’) * **tcidu** (read) * **cukta** (book) * **xatra** (letter) * **karni** (journal) * **cartu** (chart) * **benji** (transfer ‘send’) * **cradi** (radio) * **tivni** (television) * **fonxa** (telephone) * **skami** (computer) * **vidni** (video) * **kacma** (camera) ## Message * **notci** (message ‘note’) * **mifra** (code ‘cipher’) * **mipri** (secret) * **mrilu** (mail) * **tcita** (label ‘tag’) * **citri** (history) * **lisri** (story) * **cusku** (express) * **tavla** (talk ‘palaver’) * **skicu** (describe) * **stidi** (suggest) * **jarco** (show) * **cmoni** (moan) * **frumu** (frown) * **cisma** (smile) * **pinka** (comment) ## Communication * **casnu** (discuss) * **spuda** (reply ‘respond’) * **preti** (question ‘query’) * **danfu** (answer) * **cpedu** (request) * **darlu** (argue) * **fraxu** (forgive) * **friti** (offer) * **kajde** (warn ‘caution’) * **nupre** (promise) * **pante** (protest) * **pikci** (beg ‘supplicate’) * **rinsa** (greet) * **tcica** (deceive ‘cheat, trick’) ## Cognition * **mucti** (immaterial) * **menli** (mind ‘mental’) * **xanri** (imaginary ‘unreal’) * **pruxi** (spirit) * **sanji** (conscious) * **pensi** (think ‘pensive’) * **prenu** (person) * **sevzi** (self) * **sidbo** (idea) * **nabmi** (problem) * **cilre** (learn) * **ctuca** (teach) * **ckule** (school) * **datni** (data) * **djuno** (know) * **facki** (discover ‘find’) * **fatci** (fact) * **jdice** (decide) * **jetnu** (true) * **jitfa** (false) * **jijnu** (intuit) * **jimpe** (understand ‘comprehend’) * **jinvi** (opine) * **kanxe** (conjunction) * **krici** (believe ‘creed’) * **logji** (logic) * **morji** (remember ‘memory’) * **natfe** (deny) * **nuzba** (news) * **senpi** (doubt ‘skeptic’) * **sitna** (cite) * **smadi** (guess ‘surmise’) * **sruma** (assume) * **tugni** (agree) * **vlina** (alternation) * **vreji** (record) * **xusra** (assert) * **zasti** (exist) * **bridi** (predicate) * **birti** (certain) * **ciksi** (explain) * **cipra** (test ‘proof’) * **lanli** (analyze) * **saske** (science) * **sucta** (abstract) * **tadji** (method) * **tadni** (study) * **jicmu** (basis) * **manri** (reference) * **mansa** (satisfy) * **simlu** (seem) * **smuni** (meaning) * **srana** (pertain ‘concerns’) # Space * **cimde** (dimension) * **canlu** (space ‘volume’) * **diklo** (local) * **stuzi** (site ‘position’) ## Relative position * **nenri** (in ‘inner’) * **bartu** (out) * **mlana** (side ‘lateral’) * **lamji** (adjacent) * **pritu** (right) * **zunle** (left) * **crane** (front) * **trixe** (behind) * **cpana** (upon) * **gapru** (above ‘up’) * **cnita** (beneath) * **dizlo** (low) * **galtu** (high) * **ragve** (across) * **berti** (north) * **snanu** (south) * **stici** (west) * **stuna** (east) * **darno** (far) * **jibni** (near) * **sruri** (surround) * **vasru** (contain ‘vessel’) * **kalri** (open) * **ganlo** (closed) * **jorne** (joined) * **kruca** (intersect ‘cross’) * **midju** (middle) * **sepli** (apart ‘separate’) ## Orientation * **sraji** (vertical ‘upright’) * **pinta** (level ‘horizontal’) * **salpo** (slope) ## Range * **tcena** (stretch) * **kuspe** (range ‘span’) * **loldi** (floor) * **drudi** (roof) ## Dimensions * **tordu** (short) * **clani** (long) * **jarki** (narrow) * **ganra** (broad) * **cinla** (thin ‘lean’) * **rotsu** (thick ‘stout’) * **plana** (plump) * **condi** (deep) * **caxno** (shallow) ## Forms * **tarmi** (shape ‘form’) * **mokca** (point ‘moment’) * **jipno** (tip ‘point’) * **kojna** (corner) * **linji** (line) * **sirji** (straight) * **kruvi** (curve) * **clupa** (loop) * **sarlu** (spiral) * **jgena** (knot) * **jimca** (branch ‘limb’) * **sefta** (surface) * **jganu** (angle) * **plita** (plane) * **kurfa** (square) * **karda** (card) * **cukla** (round ‘circular’) * **djine** (ring) * **punli** (swelling) * **kevna** (cavity ‘cave’) * **bliku** (block) * **kubli** (cube) * **tanbo** (board) * **konju** (cone) * **slanu** (cylinder) * **tubnu** (tube) * **lenjo** (lens) * **cfine** (wedge) * **gacri** (cover) * **lunbe** (bare) * **derxi** (heap) * **bolci** (ball) * **dirgo** (drop) * **boxfo** (sheet ‘foil’) * **karli** (collar) * **cilta** (thread ‘filament’) * **tapla** (tile) * **cinje** (wrinkle) * **fenra** (crack) * **foldi** (field) * **senta** (layer ‘stratum’) * **snuji** (sandwich) * **panlo** (slice) * **papri** (page ‘paper’) * **bakfu** (bundle ‘pack’) * **skuro** (groove ‘furrow’) * **bidju** (bead) * **genxu** (hook) * **grana** (rod) * **jesni** (needle) * **calku** (shell) * **pilka** (crust ‘peel’) * **dasri** (ribbon) * **culno** (full) * **kunti** (empty ‘vacant’) * **tagji** (snug ‘tight’) * **kluza** (loose ‘blouse’) * **trati** (taut) * **korcu** (bent ‘crooked, corkscrew’) * **bargu** (arch) # Time * **cabna** (now) * **balvi** (future ‘later’) * **purci** (past ‘earlier’) * **temci** (time) * **citno** (young ‘junior’) * **clira** (early) * **lerci** (late) ## Day * **djedi** (full day) * **cerni** (morning) * **donri** (daytime) * **nicte** (night) * **vanci** (evening) * **murse** (glimmering) ## Calendar * **detri** (date) * **jeftu** (week) * **masti** (month) * **nanca** (year) * **cedra** (era) * **citsi** (season) * **dunra** (winter) * **vensa** (spring ‘vernal’) * **crisa** (summer) * **critu** (autumn) ## Clock * **junla** (clock) * **tcika** (time of day) * **cacra** (hour) * **mentu** (minute) * **snidu** (second) # Processes * **pruce** (process) * **fasnu** (event ‘happen’) * **tcini** (situation ‘state’) * **tarti** (behave) * **lifri** (experience ‘life’) * **bapli** (force ‘compel’) * **cfari** (initiate) * **ranji** (continue) * **fanmo** (end ‘final’) * **rapli** (repeat) * **kansa** (with ‘accompany’) * **cumki** (possible ‘maybe’) * **lakne** (probable ‘likely’) * **fanta** (prevent) * **binxo** (become) * **canci** (vanish) * **farvi** (develop ‘evolve’) * **cafne** (often) * **dikni** (regular ‘cyclical’) * **vitci** (irregular ‘intermittent’) * **dimna** (fate ‘doom’) * **xaksu** (use up) * **festi** (waste) * **krefu** (recur) * **rarna** (natural) * **renvi** (survive) * **rilti** (rhythm) * **stika** (adjust) * **suksa** (sudden) * **vitno** (permanent ‘eternal’) ## Causality * **gasnu** (do) * **jalge** (result) * **krinu** (reason) * **mukti** (motive) * **nibli** (necessitate) * **rinka** (cause) * **zukte** (act) * **krasi** (source ‘origin’) * **sarcu** (necessary) * **nitcu** (need) ## Controlling processes * **jitro** (control) * **gidva** (guide) * **xlura** (influence ‘lure’) * **bredi** (ready) * **denpa** (wait ‘pause’) * **sisti** (cease) * **dicra** (interrupt ‘disturb, disrupt’) * **zunti** (interfere ‘hinder’) * **fliba** (fail ‘baffle’) * **frili** (easy ‘freely’) * **nandu** (difficult ‘hard’) * **vlipa** (powerful) * **kakne** (able ‘can’) * **sutra** (fast ‘swift’) * **masno** (slow) * **platu** (plan ‘plot’) * **prali** (profit) * **randa** (yield ‘surrender’) * **snada** (succeed ‘accomplish’) * **snuti** (accidental) * **srera** (err) * **troci** (try) ## Interactive activity * **cuntu** (affair) * **lacri** (rely) * **selfu** (serve) * **pleji** (pay) * **sidju** (help ‘aid’) * **jatna** (captain) * **minde** (command) * **tinbe** (obey) * **curmi** (let ‘permit’) * **fuzme** (responsible) * **sfasa** (punish ‘spank, castigate’) * **fapro** (oppose) * **damba** (fight ‘combat’) * **jinga** (win ‘gain’) * **nutli** (neutral) * **panpi** (peace) * **jivna** (compete ‘rival’) * **bradi** (enemy ‘adversary’) * **venfu** (revenge ‘avenge’) # Movement * **farna** (direction) * **penmi** (meet) ## Self-moving * **klama** (come) * **litru** (travel) * **cliva** (leave) * **xruti** (return) * **pluta** (route) * **stali** (remain ‘stay’) * **bajra** (run) * **cadzu** (walk) * **cpare** (climb) * **stapa** (step) * **plipe** (leap) * **vofli** (flight ‘fly’) * **limna** (swim) * **sfubu** (dive ‘swoop’) * **carna** (turn) * **jersi** (chase ‘pursue’) * **rivbi** (avoid ‘evade’) * **pagre** (pass through) * **sakli** (slide ‘slip’) * **spoja** (explode) * **porpi** (break) * **preja** (spread) * **bikla** (whip ‘beat, lash’) * **gunro** (roll ‘trundle’) * **zvati** (at) * **lanxe** (balance) * **cando** (idle) * **vreta** (reclining ‘rest’) * **sarji** (support) * **fulta** (float) * **dandu** (hang ‘dangle, suspend’) * **jinru** (immerse) * **zutse** (sit) * **sanli** (stand) * **farlu** (fall) * **torni** (twist ‘torsion’) * **slilu** (oscillate) * **flecu** (flow ‘flush’) * **jetce** (jet) ## Manipulating objects * **galfi** (modify ‘alter’) * **sisku** (seek) * **jmaji** (gather) * **sabji** (provide ‘supply’) * **fatri** (distribute) * **fendi** (divide) * **simxu** (mutual) * **muvdu** (move) * **ralte** (retain) * **jgari** (grasp ‘grip’) * **bevri** (carry ‘bear’) * **renro** (throw) * **cecla** (launcher) * **punji** (put) * **lafti** (lift) * **setca** (insert) * **catke** (shove) * **rinju** (restrain) * **danre** (pressure) * **desku** (shake) * **janli** (collide) * **tunlo** (swallow) * **daspo** (destroy ‘despoil’) * **kavbu** (capture ‘catch’) * **lacpu** (pull) * **cinba** (kiss ‘buss’) * **pencu** (touch) * **darxi** (hit) * **batci** (bite) * **sraku** (scratch) * **guska** (scrape) * **polje** (fold) * **prina** (print) * **barna** (mark) * **spali** (polish) * **mosra** (friction ‘rub’) * **tikpa** (kick) * **satre** (stroke) * **zalvi** (grind ‘pulverize’) * **katna** (cut) * **kakpa** (dig) * **plixa** (plow) * **marxa** (mash) * **tisna** (fill ‘stuff’) * **sputu** (spit) * **jicla** (stir) * **cokcu** (soak up) * **rinci** (drain) * **sakci** (suck) # Physical world ## Ontology * **dacti** (object ‘thing’) * **spisa** (piece) * **ckini** (related ‘akin, kin’) * **tcila** (detail) * **ckaji** (quality) * **jinzi** (innate) * **panra** (parallel) ## Basic notions * **ratni** (atom) * **kantu** (quantum) * **selci** (cell) * **nejni** (energy) * **dirce** (radiate) * **boxna** (wave) * **maksi** (magnet) * **dikca** (electric ‘charge’) ## Physical properties * **jdari** (firm ‘hard’) * **tsali** (strong) * **ruble** (weak ‘feeble’) * **tinsa** (stiff) * **ranti** (soft) * **ralci** (delicate ‘fragile’) * **pruni** (elastic ‘springy’) * **junta** (weight) * **linto** (lightweight) * **tilju** (heavy ‘weighty’) * **glare** (hot ‘warm’) * **lenku** (cold ‘cool’) * **cilmo** (moist) * **sudga** (dry) * **denmi** (dense) * **viknu** (viscous ‘thick’) * **snipa** (sticky) * **kinli** (sharp ‘keen’) * **klina** (clear) * **minra** (reflect ‘mirror’) * **tengu** (texture) * **xutla** (smooth) * **rufsu** (rough) ## Measures * **merli** (measure) * **ckilu** (scale) * **gradu** (unit ‘degree, grad’) * **klani** (quantity) * **parbi** (ratio ‘rate’) * **satci** (exact ‘precise’) * **mitre** (meter) * **radno** (radian) * **stero** (steradian) * **litce** (liter) * **grake** (gram) * **molro** (mole) * **kelvo** (kelvin) * **xampo** (ampere) * **delno** (candela ‘candle-power’) * **gutci** (cubit ‘foot’) * **minli** (mile) * **kramu** (acre) * **bunda** (pound) * **dekpu** (gallon ‘peck’) * **dekto** (10 metric ‘deka’) * **xecto** (100 metric ‘hecto’) * **kilto** (1000 metric ‘kilo’) * **megdo** (1E6 metric ‘mega’) * **gigdo** (1E9 metric ‘giga’) * **terto** (1E12 metric ‘tera’) * **petso** (1E15 metric ‘peta’) * **xexso** (1E18 metric ‘exa’) * **zetro** (1E21 ‘zetta’) * **gotro** (1E24 ‘yotta’) * **decti** (.1 metric ‘deci’) * **centi** (.01 metric ‘centi’) * **milti** (.001 metric ‘milli’) * **mikri** (1E-6 metric ‘micro’) * **nanvi** (1E-9 metric ‘nano’) * **picti** (1E-12 metric ‘pico’) * **femti** (1E-15 metric ‘femto’) * **xatsi** (1E-18 metric ‘atto’) * **zepti** (1E-21 ‘zepto’) * **gocti** (1E-24 ‘yocto’) ## Substances * **marji** (material ‘matter’) * **fagri** (fire) * **lindi** (lightning) * **sligu** (solid) * **panje** (sponge) * **pulce** (dust ‘pulverized’) * **purmo** (powder) * **pesxu** (paste) * **jduli** (jelly) * **litki** (liquid) * **lakse** (wax) * **fonmo** (foam) * **gapci** (gas) * **danmo** (smoke) * **runme** (melt ‘runny’) * **dunja** (freeze ‘jell’) * **runta** (dissolve) * **lunsa** (condense) * **febvi** (boil) * **jelca** (burn) * **xukmi** (chemical) * **jilka** (alkali) * **slami** (acid) * **jinme** (metal) * **jinsa** (clean) * **mixre** (mixture) * **cidro** (hydrogen) * **kijno** (oxygen) * **trano** (nitrogen) * **tabno** (carbon) * **sliri** (sulfur) * **kliru** (chlorine) * **navni** (neon) * **sodna** (sodium) * **margu** (mercury) * **rijno** (silver ‘argent’) * **solji** (gold) * **tunka** (copper) * **nikle** (nickel) * **tinci** (tin) * **zinki** (zinc) * **tirse** (iron) * **cnisa** (lead) * **romge** (chrome) # Nature ## Cosmos * **munje** (universe) * **tarci** (star) * **plini** (planet) * **mluni** (satellite ‘moon’) * **kensa** (outer space) * **solri** (solar) * **terdi** (earth ‘terrestrial’) * **lunra** (lunar) ## Earth * **tumla** (land) * **cmana** (mountain) * **djacu** (water ‘aqua-’) * **xamsi** (sea) * **zbani** (bay) * **daplu** (island) * **jmifa** (shoal ‘reef’) * **rirxe** (river) * **jinto** (well) * **lalxu** (lake ‘lagoon’) * **tsani** (sky) * **vacri** (air) * **tcima** (weather ‘climate’) * **brife** (breeze) * **dilnu** (cloud) * **bumru** (fog) * **carvi** (rain) * **snime** (snow) * **bisli** (ice) * **bratu** (hail) * **kunra** (mineral ‘mined’) * **rokci** (rock) * **krili** (crystal) * **jemna** (gem) * **kliti** (clay) * **canre** (sand) * **bakri** (chalk) * **silna** (salt) * **kolme** (coal) * **ctile** (petroleum ‘oil’) * **tarla** (tar) * **dertu** (dirt) # Life * **jutsi** (species) * **jmive** (live) * **morsi** (dead ‘mort-’) * **catra** (kill ‘slaughter’) * **makcu** (mature) * **xadni** (body) * **panzi** (offspring) * **jgina** (gene) * **lanbi** (protein ‘albumin’) * **cecmu** (community) * **fusra** (rotten ‘rot’) * **ferti** (fertile) * **jurme** (germ) * **vidru** (virus) ## Plants * **spati** (plant) * **tricu** (tree) * **ckunu** (conifer ‘cone’) * **srasu** (grass) * **clika** (mossy) * **mledi** (mold) * **genja** (root) * **balji** (bulb ‘bulge’) * **stani** (stalk) * **pezli** (leaf) * **xrula** (flower) * **grute** (fruit) * **tsiju** (seed) * **narge** (nut) * **jbari** (berry) * **dembi** (bean) * **gurni** (grain) * **stagi** (vegetable ‘stalky’) * **rozgu** (rose) * **tujli** (tulip) * **latna** (lotus) * **badna** (banana) * **nimre** (citrus ‘lime’) * **plise** (apple) * **perli** (pear) * **guzme** (melon) * **figre** (fig) * **kobli** (cabbage ‘cole-’) * **tamca** (tomato) * **sluni** (onion) * **sunga** (garlic) * **patlu** (potato) * **samcu** (cassava ‘yam’) * **bavmi** (barley) * **cunmi** (millet) * **mavji** (oats) * **maxri** (wheat) * **mraji** (rye) * **sobde** (soya) * **sorgu** (sorghum) * **xruba** (buckwheat ‘rhubarb’) * **zumri** (maize) * **rismi** (rice) * **cindu** (oak) * **tanko** (tobacco) * **marna** (hemp ‘marijuana’) ## Animals * **danlu** (animal) * **cilce** (wild) * **curnu** (worm) * **cinki** (insect) * **finpe** (fish ‘fin’) * **banfi** (amphibian) * **respa** (reptile) * **cipni** (bird) * **mabru** (mammal) * **jukni** (spider ‘arachnid’) * **jalra** (cockroach) * **sfani** (fly) * **toldi** (butterfly) * **manti** (ant) * **bifce** (bee) * **civla** (louse) * **since** (snake) * **jipci** (chicken) * **xruki** (turkey) * **datka** (duck) * **gunse** (goose) * **ractu** (rabbit) * **ratcu** (rat) * **smacu** (mouse) * **xanto** (elephant) * **xarju** (pig ‘hog’) * **bakni** (bovine ‘ox’) * **lanme** (sheep ‘lanolin, lamb’) * **kanba** (goat ‘kid, billy, baa’) * **mirli** (deer) * **kumte** (camel) * **xirma** (horse) * **xasli** (donkey ‘ass’) * **cribe** (bear) * **mlatu** (cat) * **cinfo** (lion) * **tirxu** (tiger) * **gerku** (dog) * **labno** (wolf ‘lobo’) * **lorxu** (fox) * **smani** (monkey ‘simian’) * **remna** (human) * **rango** (organ) * **stedu** (head) * **flira** (face) * **mebri** (brow) * **kanla** (eye ‘ocular’) * **nazbi** (nose ‘nasal’) * **kerlo** (ear ‘aural, earlobe’) * **moklu** (mouth ‘oral’) * **ctebi** (lip ‘labial’) * **tance** (tongue) * **xedja** (jaw) * **denci** (tooth ‘dental’) * **galxe** (throat ‘gullet’) * **cnebo** (neck) * **janco** (shoulder) * **birka** (arm) * **tuple** (leg) * **xance** (hand) * **jamfu** (foot) * **cidni** (knee) * **degji** (finger ‘digit’) * **tamji** (thumb) * **cinza** (tongs) * **nalci** (wing) * **cutne** (chest) * **tatru** (breast ‘teat’) * **betfu** (abdomen ‘belly’) * **plibu** (pubic) * **pinji** (penis) * **vlagi** (vulva) * **zargu** (buttock ‘arse’) * **ganxo** (anus ‘asshole\s arsehole’) * **rebla** (tail) * **kerfa** (hair) * **sunla** (wool) * **pimlu** (feather ‘plume’) * **jgalu** (claw ‘talon’) * **sufti** (hoof) * **jirna** (horn) * **ciblu** (blood) * **bongu** (bone) * **sluji** (muscle) * **nirna** (nerve) * **cigla** (gland) * **besna** (brain) * **risna** (heart ‘cardiac’) * **fepri** (lung ‘pulmonary’) * **canti** (gut ‘entrails’) * **livga** (liver) * **vibna** (vagina) * **gutra** (womb ‘uterus’) * **ganti** (testicle ‘testes’) ## Physiology * **vasxu** (breathe ‘vascular’) * **kafke** (cough) * **senci** (sneeze) * **xasne** (sweat) * **citka** (eat) * **pinxe** (drink) * **cidja** (food ‘feed’) * **vindu** (poison ‘venom’) * **vikmi** (excrete) * **kalci** (feces ‘shit’) * **pinca** (urine ‘piss’) * **vamtu** (vomit) * **cinse** (sexual) * **fetsi** (female ‘fem-’) * **nakni** (male ‘masculine’) * **rorci** (procreate) * **gletu** (copulate ‘coitus’) * **sovda** (egg ‘ovum’) * **tarbi** (embryo) * **cifnu** (infant) * **verba** (child) * **jbena** (born ‘bear’) * **kanro** (healthy) * **bilma** (ill) * **jinku** (vaccine) * **kenra** (cancer) * **spita** (hospital) * **frati** (react) * **bacru** (utter) * **krixa** (cry out) * **cikna** (awake) * **sipna** (sleep) * **kalte** (hunt) * **kelci** (play) * **tcaci** (custom ‘habit’) * **xabju** (dwell ‘inhabit’) * **zdani** (nest ‘den’) ## Perception * **ganse** (sense) * **tunta** (poke ‘stab’) * **zgana** (observe) * **carmi** (intense) * **kandi** (dim) * **savru** (noise ‘clamor’) * **kukte** (delicious ‘cooked, tasty’) * **cpina** (pungent) * **sance** (sound) * **tirna** (hear) * **cladu** (loud) * **smaji** (quiet ‘silent’) * **siclu** (whistle) * **tonga** (tone) * **voksa** (voice) * **gusni** (illumine ‘light’) * **viska** (see ‘vision’) * **catlu** (look) * **jvinu** (view) * **manku** (dark) * **ctino** (shadow ‘shade’) * **skari** (color) * **xekri** (black) * **blabi** (white) * **grusi** (gray) * **xunre** (red) * **pelxu** (yellow) * **crino** (green) * **blanu** (blue) * **bunre** (brown) * **cicna** (cyan) * **narju** (orange) * **nukni** (magenta ‘fuchsin’) * **zirpu** (purple) * **panci** (odor ‘fragrance’) * **sumne** (smell) * **vrusi** (taste ‘flavor’) * **titla** (sweet) * **kurki** (bitter ‘acrid’) * **slari** (sour) * **cortu** (pain ‘hurt’) * **xagji** (hunger) * **taske** (thirst) * **tatpi** (tired) # Psychology ## Emotions, Affects * **cinmo** (emotion) * **badri** (sad) * **ckeji** (ashamed) * **jgira** (pride) * **kecti** (pity) * **kufra** (comfort) * **manci** (wonder) * **prami** (love) * **steba** (frustration) * **zungi** (guilt) * **cinri** (interesting ‘interests’) * **burna** (embarrassed) * **cumla** (humble ‘humility’) * **kucli** (curious) * **xebni** (hate) * **xalni** (panic) * **xanka** (nervous ‘anxious’) * **dunku** (anguish) * **dirba** (dear) * **gleki** (happy ‘gay’) * **jilra** (jealous) * **junri** (serious) * **klaku** (weep) * **terpa** (fear ‘terror’) * **xenru** (regret ‘rue’) * **fengu** (angry) * **pluka** (pleasant) * **raktu** (trouble) * **spaji** (surprise) * **jenca** (shock) * **zdile** (amusing ‘amused’) * **rigni** (disgusting ‘repugnant’) * **xajmi** (funny ‘comic’) * **betri** (tragedy ‘tragic’) * **fanza** (annoy) ## Attitude * **zanru** (approve) * **xalbo** (levity ‘frivolous’) * **vajni** (important ‘significant’) * **trina** (attract) * **talsa** (challenge) * **surla** (relax) * **senva** (dream ‘reverie’) * **ranxi** (irony) * **pendo** (friend) * **pacna** (hope) * **nelci** (fond ‘likes’) * **jundi** (attentive ‘attend’) * **kurji** (take care of ‘care’) * **djica** (desire) * **dapma** (curse ‘damn’) * **ckire** (grateful) * **ckasu** (ridicule ‘scoff’) * **cfipu** (confusing) * **cizra** (strange ‘bizarre’) * **cmila** (laugh ‘smile’) ## Evaluation * **xrani** (injure ‘hurt’) * **zabna** (favorable) * **xarnu** (stubborn) * **xendo** (kind) * **xamgu** (good) * **xlali** (bad ‘mal-’) * **vifne** (fresh) * **virnu** (brave ‘valiant, virtue’) * **stati** (talent) * **stace** (honest) * **snura** (secure) * **sinma** (esteem) * **prane** (perfect) * **mulno** (complete) * **misno** (famous) * **melbi** (beautiful) * **mabla** (derogative) * **lazni** (lazy) * **kusru** (cruel) * **jursa** (severe ‘harsh’) * **vlile** (violent) * **juxre** (clumsy ‘awkward’) * **funca** (luck ‘fortune’) * **fenki** (crazy ‘frenzy’) * **drani** (correct ‘right’) * **fange** (alien ‘foreign’) * **darsi** (audacity ‘dare’) * **curve** (pure) * **cnino** (new) * **slabu** (old) * **clite** (polite) * **ckape** (peril) * **bandu** (defend) * **marbi** (shelter ‘harbor’) * **banli** (great ‘grand’) * **basna** (emphasize ‘accent’) * **racli** (sane ‘rational’) * **prije** (wise ‘sage’) * **bebna** (foolish ‘boob’) * **bilga** (obliged) * **zifre** (free) * **marde** (morals) * **palci** (evil) * **vrude** (virtue) * **certu** (expert) * **cfila** (flaw) # Socium * **jikca** (socialize ‘social’) * **sivni** (private) ## Family * **lanzu** (family ‘clan’) * **speni** (married ‘spouse’) * **ninmu** (woman ‘women’) * **nanmu** (man) * **dzena** (elder) * **rirni** (parent ‘rear’) * **mamta** (mother ‘mom’) * **patfu** (father ‘pop, padre’) * **nanla** (boy ‘lad’) * **nixli** (girl) * **bersa** (son) * **tixnu** (daughter) * **bruna** (brother) * **mensi** (sister) * **tunba** (sibling) * **famti** (aunt or uncle) * **tamne** (cousin) ## Social Institutions * **ritli** (rite) * **salci** (celebrate) * **nobli** (noble) * **mikce** (doctor ‘medic’) * **zajba** (gymnast) * **vitke** (guest ‘visit’) * **xotli** (hotel) * **turni** (govern) * **kamni** (committee) * **catni** (authority) * **vipsi** (deputy ‘vice’) * **jecta** (polity ‘state’) * **jansu** (diplomat ‘consul’) * **jaspu** (passport) * **pikta** (ticket) * **flalu** (law) * **pajni** (judge) * **zekri** (crime) * **pulji** (police) * **pinfu** (prisoner ‘captive’) * **gunta** (attack) * **jamna** (war) * **bilni** (military) * **jenmi** (army) * **sonci** (soldier) ## Economics * **gubni** (public) * **ponse** (possess) * **cpacu** (get ‘acquire’) * **cirko** (lose) * **jbera** (borrow) * **dunda** (give ‘donate’) * **lebna** (take) * **pindi** (poor ‘indigent’) * **ricfu** (rich) * **dejni** (owe ‘debt-or’) * **cerda** (heir) * **jdini** (money ‘dinero’) * **sicni** (coin ‘specie’) * **rupnu** (dollar ‘ruble’) * **fepni** (cent ‘penny’) * **banxa** (bank) * **zivle** (invest) * **canja** (exchange) * **vamji** (value) * **jdima** (price) * **vecnu** (sell ‘vend’) * **kargu** (costly) * **janta** (account) * **cnemu** (reward) * **kagni** (company) * **cteki** (tax) * **zarci** (market ‘mart’) * **jibri** (job) * **jerna** (earn) * **briju** (office ‘bureau’) * **binra** (insure) * **gusta** (restaurant) * **barja** (bar) # Human Culture ## Nations, Cultures * **kulnu** (culture) * **natmi** (nation) ## Geography * **tutra** (territory) * **gugde** (country) * **jarbu** (suburb) * **tcadu** (city ‘town’) * **nurma** (rural) * **panka** (park) * **bemro** (North American) * **dzipo** (Antarctican) * **friko** (African) * **ketco** (South American ‘Quechua’) * **xazdo** (Asiatic) * **ropno** (European) ## Multi-ethnic cultures * **glico** (English) * **softo** (Soviet) * **xispo** (Hispanic) * **xrabo** (Arabic) * **baxso** (Malay-Indonesian ‘Bahasa’) * **polno** (Polynesian) * **semto** (Semitic) * **spano** (Spanish) * **srito** (Sanskrit) * **latmo** (Latin) * **lojbo** (Lojbanic) ## Nationalities * **brito** (British) * **filso** (Palestinian ‘Philistine’) * **gento** (Argentinian) * **jerxo** (Algerian) * **jordo** (Jordanian) * **kadno** (Canadian) * **libjo** (Libyan) * **lubno** (Lebanese) * **merko** (American) * **mexno** (Mexican) * **misro** (Egyptian ‘Mizraim’) * **morko** (Moroccan) * **rakso** (Iraqi) * **sadjo** (Saudi) * **sirxo** (Syrian) * **sralo** (Australian) * **bengo** (Bengali) * **bindo** (Indonesian) * **brazo** (Brazilian) * **dotco** (German ‘Deutsch’) * **fraso** (French ‘France’) * **jungo** (Chinese) * **kisto** (Pakistani) * **meljo** (Malaysian) * **ponjo** (Japanese ‘Nippon’) * **porto** (Portuguese) * **rusko** (Russian) * **skoto** (Scottish) * **slovo** (Slavic) * **vukro** (Ukrainian) * **xebro** (Hebrew) * **xelso** (Greek ‘Hellas’) * **xindo** (Hindi) * **xurdo** (Urdi) ## Religion * **lijda** (religion) * **cevni** (god ‘divinity’) * **censa** (holy ‘sacred’) * **makfa** (magic) * **malsi** (temple) * **crida** (fairy) * **ranmi** (myth) * **budjo** (Buddhist) * **dadjo** (Taoist) * **jegvo** (Jehovist) * **muslo** (Islamic) * **xriso** (Christian) ## Art * **larcu** (art) * **muzga** (museum) * **cfika** (fiction) * **pemci** (poem) * **prosa** (prose) * **pixra** (picture) * **draci** (drama) * **tigni** (perform) * **skina** (cinema) * **zgike** (music) * **sanga** (sing) * **dansu** (dance) * **damri** (drum) * **flani** (flute) * **jgita** (guitar ‘guitar’) * **pipno** (piano) * **tabra** (trumpet ‘brass’) * **xagri** (reed) # Technology ## Technological processes * **fenso** (sew) * **jivbu** (weave) * **nivji** (knit) * **lasna** (fasten ‘lash’) * **gundi** (industry) * **fanri** (factory ‘foundry’) * **cange** (farm ‘grange, agrarian’) * **purdi** (garden) * **crepu** (harvest ‘reap’) * **sombo** (sow) * **spofu** (broken) * **cikre** (repair ‘fix’) * **gunka** (work) * **cupra** (produce) * **finti** (invent) * **zbasu** (make) * **fukpi** (copy) * **jadni** (adorn) * **jukpa** (cook) * **macnu** (manual) * **zmiku** (automatic) * **lumci** (wash) * **molki** (mill) * **pilno** (use ‘employ’) * **sazri** (operate) * **sorcu** (store) ## Artificial substances * **zbabu** (soap) * **jalna** (starch) * **blaci** (glass) * **staku** (ceramic) * **gasta** (steel) * **lastu** (brass) * **ransu** (bronze) * **ckabu** (rubber) * **slasi** (plastic) * **bukpu** (cloth) * **mapni** (cotton) * **matli** (linen) * **silka** (silk) * **korka** (cork) * **mudri** (wood ‘lumber’) * **skapi** (pelt ‘skin’) * **cinta** (paint) * **xalka** (alcohol) * **jikru** (liquor) * **vanju** (wine) * **birje** (beer) * **jisra** (juice) * **sodva** (soda) * **ckafi** (coffee) * **tcati** (tea) * **sanmi** (meal) * **rectu** (meat ‘flesh’) * **grasu** (grease) * **ladru** (milk ‘lactic’) * **kruji** (cream) * **matne** (butter) * **cirla** (cheese) * **sakta** (sugar ‘sucrose’) * **cakla** (chocolate) * **nanba** (bread) * **salta** (salad) * **sanso** (sauce) * **stasu** (soup ‘stew’) * **tsapi** (seasoning) * **sigja** (cigar) ## Artifacts * **rutni** (artifact) * **tutci** (tool) * **mruli** (hammer) * **dinko** (nail) * **pijne** (pin) * **burcu** (brush) * **balre** (blade) * **canpa** (shovel) * **dakfu** (knife) * **jinci** (shears) * **klupe** (screw) * **komcu** (comb) * **pinsi** (pencil) * **penbi** (pen) * **xinmo** (ink) * **pelji** (paper ‘page’) * **smuci** (spoon) * **forca** (fork) * **sacki** (match) * **janbe** (bell) * **lanci** (flag ‘banner’) * **matci** (mat) * **julne** (net) * **murta** (curtain) * **dacru** (drawer) * **baktu** (bucket) * **botpi** (bottle) * **tanxe** (box ‘trunk’) * **lante** (can) * **dakli** (sack) * **kabri** (cup) * **lanka** (basket) * **patxu** (pot) * **palne** (tray ‘pan, platter’) * **palta** (plate ‘platter’) * **tansi** (pan) * **minji** (machine) * **cabra** (apparatus) * **matra** (motor) * **livla** (fuel) * **pambe** (pump) * **toknu** (oven) * **xarci** (weapon ‘arms’) * **jbama** (bomb) * **danti** (projectile) ## Machine parts * **greku** (frame) * **tsina** (stage) * **zbepi** (pedestal ‘base’) * **kamju** (column) * **garna** (rail ‘bar’) * **kajna** (shelf ‘counter’) * **batke** (button) * **xislu** (wheel) * **jabre** (brake) * **linsi** (chain ‘links’) * **pulni** (pulley) * **skori** (cord) * **jendu** (axle ‘spindle’) * **vraga** (lever) ## Transport * **dargu** (road) * **klaji** (street ‘avenue’) * **naxle** (canal) * **vinji** (airplane) * **skiji** (ski) * **falnu** (sail) * **carce** (cart) * **cripu** (bridge) * **jakne** (rocket) * **tcana** (station) * **marce** (vehicle) * **sabnu** (cabin) * **bloti** (boat) * **trene** (train) * **karce** (car) ## House * **ginka** (camp) * **dinju** (building) * **kumfa** (room) * **bitmu** (wall) * **vorme** (door) * **canko** (window) * **balni** (balcony) * **serti** (stairs) * **nilce** (furniture) * **jubme** (table) * **stizu** (chair ‘stool’) * **ckana** (bed) * **sfofa** (sofa) * **kicne** (cushion) * **stela** (lock) * **ckiku** (key) ## Dress * **dasni** (wear) * **taxfu** (garment) * **kosta** (coat) * **pastu** (robe ‘tunic’) * **skaci** (skirt) * **creka** (shirt) * **palku** (pants) * **daski** (pocket) * **gluta** (glove) * **cutci** (shoe) * **smoka** (sock) * **mapku** (cap) * **santa** (umbrella)