UPDATE dataset_authorize 
    SET status = CASE 
    WHEN dataset_id=X'382460757A5945898A7298B39A0812CB' AND authorized_object_id=X'D5BD2BA2552F4AD488648CDCA962D9D1' THEN 'REJECTED'
    WHEN dataset_id=X'92DC4F522B3941808DB4C3796191CDC3' AND authorized_object_id=X'D5BD2BA2552F4AD488648CDCA962D9D1' THEN 'AGREED'
    ELSE status END
;

UPDATE tablename
SET col1 = CASE WHEN name = 'name1' THEN 5 
                WHEN name = 'name2' THEN 3 
                ELSE 0 
           END
 , col2 = CASE WHEN name = 'name1' THEN '' 
               WHEN name = 'name2' THEN 'whatever' 
               ELSE '' 
          END
;

Reference

• MySQL批量更新数据