kjuq/raspberry_pi_setup_headless.md

Initial setup

Download an OS image

https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/
Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit)
Raspberry Pi OS with desktop

Check device name of USB or SDcard

diskutil list

Unmount it

sudo diskutil umount /dev/disk8s1

Burn it

sudo dd bs=4M if=./2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64.img of=/dev/disk8 status=progress conv=fsync
- Don't forget to extract the file if it's compressed

Wi-Fi, SSH, and Password

cd /Volumes/bootfs
touch ssh
nvim wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=JP
network={
    ssid="<SSID>"
    psk="<Password>"
}

nvim userconf.txt

kjuq:<ENCRYPTED_PASSWORD>

ENCRYPTED_PASSWORD is from pass {DEVICES_PASSWD} | openssl passwd -6 -stdin | pbcopy

userconf.txt should be like kjuq:$6$4FAIAmyeuggAn71w$BJLctNwvql1tndL3yPkjWp/h0xY21VrBTkQUALw5cE6lbFJ/k7EDpxBXbKw9uU9I7rfQGol2FFfjxhVI0LJHf0

Connect

ssh kjuq@raspberrypi.local

If locale error occers

locale
localectl list-locales
sudo localedef -f UTF-8 -i en_US en_US.UTF-8
localectl list-locales
locale

APT Update

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Enable USB boot

vcgencmd otp_dump | grep 17:
- If the output is 17:1020000a, USB boot is disabled.
echo "program_usb_boot_mode=1" | sudo tee -a /boot/config.txt
echo "program_usb_boot_timeout=1" | sudo tee -a /boot/config.txt
sudo reboot
vcgencmd otp_dump | grep 17:
- If the output is 17:3020000a, USB boot is enabled.

Change host name

sudo vi /etc/hostname
sudo vi /etc/hosts
sudo reboot

Extend Storage Life

Disable swap

free # Check current swap size
sudo apt autoremove -y dphys-swapfile
free # Swap size is now zero

Disable RamDisk

df -h # Check current file system
sudo vi /etc/fstab
Add 3 rows below to the end of the file
- CAUTION: If /var/log is RAMDISK-nized, nginx may cause errors
sudo reboot
df -h # These directories are now mounted

/etc/fstab

tmpfs /tmp     tmpfs defaults,size=256m,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,size=16m,noatime,mode=1777  0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,size=32m,noatime,mode=0755  0 0

SQ (`df -h`)

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            328M     0  328M   0% /dev
tmpfs            93M  944K   92M   1% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p2   29G  1.6G   26G   6% /
tmpfs           461M     0  461M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
/dev/mmcblk0p1  510M   94M  417M  19% /boot/firmware
tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/1000

AP (`df -h`)

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            328M     0  328M   0% /dev
tmpfs            93M  2.5M   90M   3% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p2   29G  1.6G   26G   6% /
tmpfs           461M     0  461M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           256M     0  256M   0% /tmp
tmpfs            32M  8.0K   32M   1% /var/log
tmpfs            16M     0   16M   0% /var/tmp
/dev/mmcblk0p1  510M   94M  417M  19% /boot/firmware
tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/1000

Tailscale

Install

sudo apt install apt-transport-https
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/raspbian/bullseye.noarmor.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/tailscale-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/raspbian/bullseye.tailscale-keyring.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tailscale.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install tailscale

Subnet router, Exit node, and SSH

sudo tailscale up --ssh --advertise-exit-node

Check your own ip address and subnet mask

Fix IP Address

ifconfig # Check ip address and device name (such as eth0, enp4s0)
ip route show # Check default gateway
cat /etc/resolv.conf # Check DNS server

(When using NetworkManager)

sudo nmcli connection show
sudo nmcli connection modify 'Wired connection 1' ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.11.100/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.11.1 ipv4.dns 100.100.100.100
sudo reboot

Wake on LAN

ifconfig # Check device name (such as eth0, enp4s0)
sudo ethtool enp4s0 | rg Wake-on
- if Wake-on: g was output, WoL is enabled already
- if not, read https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Wake-on-LAN
wakeonlan {MACADDRESS}

Bluetooth PAN

sudo apt install bluez-tools

Remember current network

ifconfig

Create configurations of network

sudo nvim /etc/systemd/network/pan0.netdev

[NetDev]
Name=pan0
Kind=bridge

sudo nvim /etc/systemd/network/pan0.network

[Match]
Name=pan0

[Network]
Address=172.20.1.1/24 # private ip address you like
DHCPServer=yes

Create configurations of service

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/bt-agent.service

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Auth Agent

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bt-agent -c NoInputNoOutput
Type=simple

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/bt-network.service

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth NEP PAN
After=pan0.network

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bt-network -s nap pan0
Type=simple

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable and launch services created

sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd
sudo systemctl enable bt-agent
sudo systemctl enable bt-network
sudo systemctl start systemd-networkd
sudo systemctl start bt-agent
sudo systemctl start bt-network

Check if the new network is created

ifconfig

pan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.20.1.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.20.1.255
        inet6 fe80::4d9:21ff:fe82:921e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 06:d9:21:82:92:1e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 32  bytes 4410 (4.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Make discoverable on

sudo bluetoothctl
[bluetooth]# discoverable on

Connect from clients

ssh pi@172.20.1.1

Reference

上野家のホームページ - 資料室 : PC/RaspberryPi/RAM ディスクの利用 Raspberry Pi で MicroSD カード寿命を延ばすために RAM ディスクを使う
- https://yueno.net/xoops/modules/xpwiki/?PC%2FRaspberryPi%2FRAM%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8
Setting up Tailscale on Raspberry Pi (Bullseye) · Tailscale Docs
- https://tailscale.com/kb/1197/install-rpi-bullseye/
ラズパイゼロにBluetooth経由でSSH接続 - 芽萌丸
- https://memo.appri.me/iot/rpi0-bluetooth-ssh
Raspberry Pi 4 に入れた Manjaro でIPアドレスを固定する #RaspberryPi - Qiita
- https://qiita.com/mtkhs/items/dbff97cb6372e140dd85
Ubuntuで、IPアドレス、デフォルトゲートウェイ、DNSサーバーの設定確認 - Symfoware
- https://symfoware.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-914.html
ラズベリーパイで固定IPアドレスを設定する - ムギークのブログ
- https://mugeek.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/05/27/230256

kjuq/raspberry_pi_setup_headless.md

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Initial setup

Download an OS image

Check device name of USB or SDcard

Unmount it

Burn it

Wi-Fi, SSH, and Password

Connect

If locale error occers

APT Update

Enable USB boot

Change host name

Extend Storage Life

Disable swap

Disable RamDisk

SQ (`df -h`)

AP (`df -h`)

Tailscale

Install

Subnet router, Exit node, and SSH

Fix IP Address

Wake on LAN

Bluetooth PAN

Remember current network

Create configurations of network

Create configurations of service

Enable and launch services created

Check if the new network is created

Make discoverable on

Connect from clients

Reference

kjuq/raspberry_pi_setup_headless.md

Initial setup

Download an OS image

Check device name of USB or SDcard

Unmount it

Burn it

Wi-Fi, SSH, and Password

Connect

If locale error occers

APT Update

Enable USB boot

Change host name

Extend Storage Life

Disable swap

Disable RamDisk

SQ (df -h)

AP (df -h)

Tailscale

Install

Subnet router, Exit node, and SSH

Fix IP Address

Wake on LAN

Bluetooth PAN

Remember current network

Create configurations of network

Create configurations of service

Enable and launch services created

Check if the new network is created

Make discoverable on

Connect from clients

Reference

SQ (`df -h`)

AP (`df -h`)