The Viwoods AiPaper uses a WritingSurface overlay composited by SurfaceFlinger to render pen strokes at ~81Hz on the e-ink display. Your app draws into an offscreen Bitmap, then pushes dirty rectangles to the overlay via renderWriting(). The e-ink controller receives these updates directly, bypassing the normal Android View rendering pipeline.
This works from any third-party app — no root, no system signing, no special permissions required.