How does traffic flow through the Internet? What happens in the network layers in a HTTP transaction?

HTTP = application layer protocol (OSI 7) - allows applications to communicate over the network. E.g. Web browser to web server (Apache)
HTTP specifications does not mention how messages move across the network and reach the server. That's where lower layer protocols come to play.

https://www.offensive-security.com/information-security-training/penetration-testing-training-kali-linux/

http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/16.html

1. Recon
2. Find vuln
3. Exploit
4. Document it

Unicornscans in cli, nmap in msfconsole to help store loot in database.