Cheatsheet of common typographical characters (not an exhaustive reference). HTML [character references](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#character-references) listed are decimal numeric character references, which are the base-10 equivalent of their corresponding base-16 (hexadecimal) [Unicode code point](https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#code-points). Also see [named character references](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-character-references). ## Quotations | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | ‘ | `‘` | Left single quotation mark | | ’ | `’` | Right single quotation mark/apostrophe | | “ | `“` | Left double quotation mark | | ” | `”` | Right double quotation mark | | ' | `'` | Typewriter single quotation mark | | " | `"` | Typewriter double quotation mark | | ′ | `′` | Prime (feet/minutes) | | ″ | `″` | Double prime (inches/seconds) | | ‴ | `‴` | Triple prime (1/60 of second of arc) | | ‚ | `‚` | Single low-9 quotation mark | | „ | `„` | Double low-9 quotation mark | | ‹ | `‹` | Single angle quote left (single guillemet left) | | › | `›` | Single angle quote right (single guillemet right) | | « | `«` | Double angle quote left (double guillemet left) | | » | `»` | Double angle quote right (double guillemet right) | | 「 | `「` | Left corner bracket (outermost) | | 」 | `」` | Right corner bracket (outermost) | | 『 | `『` | Left corner bracket (innermost) | | 』 | `』` | Right corner bracket (innermost) | | ̏ | `̏` | Double grave accent | | ´ | `´` | Acute accent with no letter | | ˝ | `˝` | Double acute accent | ## Punctuation | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | -------------------------------------------- | | . | `.` | Full stop (period) | | & | `&` | Ampersand | | - | `-` | Hyphen-minus (typewriter artifact) | | ‐ | `‐` | Hyphen (compound modifier) | | ‒ | `‒` | Figure dash (phone number) | | – | `–` | En dash (range of numbers) | | — | `—` | Em dash (dramatic pause) | | … | `…` | Ellipsis (three dot leader) | | ¡ | `¡` | Inverted exclamation mark | | ¿ | `¿` | Inverted question mark | | ‽ | `‽` | Interrobang (?! combination) | | ⸮ | `⸮` | Irony | | • | `•` | Bullet (black small circle) | | · | `·` | Middle dot/Interpunct (multiplication/£1·50) | | ‧ | `‧` | Hyphenation point (dictionary definition) | | ¶ | `¶` | Pilcrow (paragraph) | | ․ | `․` | One dot leader (table of contents) | ## Ligatures | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | -------------------------------------- | | ff | `ff` | Latin small ligature ff | | fi | `fi` | Latin small ligature fi | | fl | `fl` | Latin small ligature fl | | ſt | `ſt` | Latin small ligature long ft | | ffi | `ffi` | Latin small ligature ffi | | ffl | `ffl` | Latin small ligature ffl | | st | `st` | Latin small ligature st | | Æ | `Æ` | Latin capital letter AE | | æ | `æ` | Latin small letter ae | | Œ | `Œ` | Latin capital ligature Oe | | œ | `œ` | Latin small ligature oe | | ᵫ | `ᵫ` | Latin small ligature ue | | IJ | `IJ` | Capital IJ ligature | | ij | `ij` | Lowercase ij ligature | | ß | `ß` | Small sharp s, German (fs/fz ligature) | ## Diacritics | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | -------------------------------- | | á | `á` | Lower-case "a" with acute accent | | é | `é` | Lower-case "e" with acute accent | | í | `í` | Lower-case "i" with acute accent | | ó | `ó` | Lower-case "o" with acute accent | | ú | `ú` | Lower-case "u" with acute accent | | ä | `ä` | Lower-case "a" with diaeresis | | ë | `ë` | Lower-case "e" with diaeresis | | ï | `ï` | Lower-case "i" with diaeresis | | ö | `ö` | Lower-case "o" with diaeresis | | ü | `ü` | Lower-case "u" with diaeresis | | ñ | `ñ` | Lower-case "n" with tilde | | ç | `ç` | Lower-case "c" with cedilla | ## Numbers | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | + | `+` | Plus symbol (addition) | | − | `−` | Minus symbol (subtraction) | | × | `×` | Times symbol (multiplication) | | ÷ | `÷` | Obelus symbol (division) | | ± | `±` | Plus/minus symbol | | < | `<` | Less-than symbol | | > | `>` | Greater-than symbol | | ≤ | `≤` | Less-than-or-equal-to symbol | | ≥ | `≥` | Greater-than-or-equal-to symbol | | = | `<` | Equal symbol | ≠ | `≠` | Not-equal-to symbol | | ≈ | `≈` | Approximately equal-to symbol | | ¹ | `¹` | Superscript 1 (`1` preferable) | | ² | `²` | Superscript 2 (`2` preferable) | | ³ | `³` | Superscript 3 (`3` preferable) | | √ | `√` | Square root | | ⁄ | `⁄` | Fraction slash (solidus) | | ∅ | `∅` | Empty set | | ° | `°` | Degree | | ‰ | `‰` | Per mil | | № | `№` | Number symbol | | ∞ | `∞` | Infinity | ## Fractions | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ----------------------- | | ½ | `½` | Half fraction | | ⅓ | `⅓` | One-third fraction | | ⅔ | `⅔` | Two-thirds fraction | | ¼ | `¼` | Quarter fraction | | ¾ | `¾` | Three-quarters fraction | | ⅕ | `⅕` | One-fifth fraction | | ⅖ | `⅖` | Two-fifths fraction | | ⅗ | `⅗` | Three-fifths fraction | | ⅘ | `⅘` | Four-fifths fraction | | ⅙ | `⅙` | One-sixth fraction | | ⅚ | `⅚` | Five-sixths fraction | | ⅛ | `⅛` | One-eighth fraction | | ⅜ | `⅜` | Three-eighths fraction | | ⅝ | `⅝` | Five-eighths fraction | | ⅞ | `⅞` | Seven-eighths fraction | ## Currency | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | -------------- | | ¢ | `¢` | Cent | | £ | `£` | Pound sterling | | € | `€` | Euro | | ¥ | `¥` | Yen | | ¤ | `¤` | Currency | ## Symbols | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ------------------------- | | ℅ | `℅` | Care of | | ℞ | `℞` | Pharmaceutical | | © | `©` | Copyright symbol | | ® | `®` | Registered symbol | | ℗ | `℗` | Sound recording copyright | | ™ | `™` | Trademark symbol | | ℠ | `℠` | Service mark symbol | | § | `§` | Section symbol | | † | `†` | Dagger | | ‡ | `‡` | Double dagger | | ★ | `★` | Black star | | ☆ | `☆` | White star | | ☺ | `☺` | Smiley face | | ☹ | `☹` | Frowning face | | ♠ | `♠` | Filled spade suit | | ♣ | `♣` | Filled club suit | | ♥ | `♥` | Filled heart suit | | ♦ | `♦` | Filled diamond suit | | ⁝ | `⁝` | Tricolon | | ☰ | `☰` | Trigram for Heaven | ## Keys | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | |  | `` | Apple | | ⌘ | `⌘` | Command | | ⇧ | `⇧` | Shift | | ⌥ | `⌥` | Option | | ⌃ | `⌃` | Control | | ↩ | `↩` | Return | | ⌫ | `⌫` | Delete | | ⌦ | `⌦` | Erase to the right (forward delete) | | ↑ | `↑` | Up arrow | | ↓ | `↓` | Down arrow | | ← | `←` | Left arrow | | → | `→` | Right arrow | | ⇞ | `⇞` | Page up | | ⇟ | `⇟` | Page down | | ↖ | `↖` | North west arrow (top/home) | | ↗ | `↗` | North east arrow | | ↘ | `↘` | South east arrow (end) | | ↙ | `↙` | South west arrow | | ⇤ | `⇤` | Leftwards arrow to bar (tab left) | | ⇥ | `⇥` | Rightwards arrow to bar (tab right) | | ⎋ | `⎋` | Broken circle with northwest arrow (escape/esc) | | ⇪ | `⇪` | Caps lock | | ⏏ | `⏏` | Eject | ## Spaces | Glyph | HTML reference | Name | | ----- | -------------- | ---- | | | ` ` | Space | | | ` ` | Non-breaking space | |   | ` ` | En space | |   | ` ` | Em space | |   | ` ` | 3-per-em space | |   | ` ` | 4-per-em space | |   | ` ` | 6-per-em space | |   | ` ` | Figure space | |   | ` ` | Punctuation space | |   | ` ` | Thin space | |   | ` ` | Hair space | | | `​` | Zero-width space | |   | ` ` | Narrow, non-breaking space |