Near vs. far mode of thinking
   http://www.overcomingbias.com/2010/06/near-far-summary.html
Scope insensitivity
   http://lesswrong.com/lw/hw/scope_insensitivity/
Efficient market hypothesis
   https://conceptually.org/concepts/efficient-markets/
Coordination problems and nash equilibria
Strawman argument vs. steelman argument.
   https://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/Steel_man
Chesterton fence
Common knowledge/aumann theorem
   http://squid314.livejournal.com/2011/02/01/
   https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=2410
Astronomical waste
   https://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/Astronomical_waste
Belief in belief
   http://lesswrong.com/lw/i4/belief_in_belief/
Toxoplasma of rage
   http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/12/17/the-toxoplasma-of-rage/
Bostrom's four possible futures and possible number of future people
   http://stafforini.com/docs/Bostrom%20-%20The%20future%20of%20humanity.pdf
   http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf 
Astronomical suffering
   https://foundational-research.org/reducing-risks-of-astronomical-suffering-a-neglected-priority/
Prediction markets
Tragedy of commons
Information hazard
   https://concepts.effectivealtruism.org/concepts/information-hazards/