import collections
import random


def is_alphabet(s):
    return all('a' <= ch <= 'z' for ch in s.strip().lower())


class Problem:
    def __init__(self, answer=None):
        if answer is not None:
            self.answer = answer
            return
        with open("/usr/share/dict/words") as file:
            self.answer = random.choice([s.strip().lower() for s in file if len(s) == 6 and is_alphabet(s)])

    def guess(self, word):
        if len(word) != 5 or not is_alphabet(word):
            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected guess: {word}")
        return "".join(
            ['C' if word[i] == self.answer[i] else 'E' if word[i] in self.answer else '.' for i in range(len(word))])


class Guesser:
    def __init__(self):
        with open("/usr/share/dict/words") as file:
            self.possible_answers = [s.strip().lower() for s in file if len(s) == 6 and is_alphabet(s)]
            self.possible_guesses = self.possible_answers.copy()
        self.round = 0

    def think(self, guess, result):
        """Update possible answers based on the guess and the result.
        """
        if result == "CCCCC":
            return
        self.possible_guesses.remove(guess)
        for i in range(len(result)):
            ch = guess[i]
            res = result[i]
            if res == ".":
                self.possible_answers = list(filter(lambda word: ch not in word, self.possible_answers))
            elif res == "E":
                self.possible_answers = list(filter(lambda word: ch in word and word[i] != ch, self.possible_answers))
            else:
                self.possible_answers = list(filter(lambda word: word[i] == ch, self.possible_answers))

    def guess(self):
        self.round += 1
        if self.round == 1:
            return "oates"  # Most efficient guess for the 1st time

        if len(self.possible_answers) == 1:
            return self.possible_answers[0]

        def bonus(word):
            return 1 if word in self.possible_answers else 0

        return max(self.possible_guesses, key=lambda guess: self.score(guess) + bonus(guess))

    def score(self, guess):
        """Score a guess from a point of view how much variety of hints (e.g., CCC..EE) it would produce.
        """
        def hint(word, answer):
            return "".join(
                ['C' if word[i] == answer[i] else 'E' if word[i] in answer else '.' for i in range(len(word))])

        # Compute frequency of hints a guess would produce
        counter = collections.Counter()
        for a in self.possible_answers:
            counter[hint(guess, a)] += 1
        # Lower the score if many possible answers would produce the same hint.
        # In other words, the score is how much likely the guess results in various hints.
        # If we want to be more accurate here, we are able to compute how much this guess could reduce the entropy. 
        return len(self.possible_answers) - counter.most_common(1)[0][1]


class Round:
    def __init__(self, answer=None):
        self.problem = Problem(answer)
        self.guesser = Guesser()
        self.round = 0
        self.history = []

    def play_round(self):
        self.round += 1
        word = self.guesser.guess()
        result = self.problem.guess(word)
        self.history.append((word, result))
        # print(f"Round {self.round}: Guess \"{word}\" -> {result}")
        self.guesser.think(word, result)
        if result == "CCCCC":
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def play(self):
        while self.round < 6:
            result = self.play_round()
            if result:
                return True, self.round
        return False, self.round


def random_mode():
    N = 50
    num_solved = 0
    for _ in range(N):
        r = Round()
        (res, num_round) = r.play()
        if res:
            num_solved += 1
            print(f"Congratulations! You solved the problem in {num_round} round(s).")
        else:
            print(f"Failed to solve the problem.  The answer was \"{r.problem.answer}\".")
        print()
    print(f"Number of correct answer: {num_solved} / {N}")
    print(f"Correct answer rate: {num_solved * 100.0 / N}%")


def exhaustive_mode(file=None):
    if file is None:
        file = "all.txt"
    with open(file) as f:
        problems = [s.strip().lower() for s in f if len(s) == 6 and is_alphabet(s)]
    num_solved = 0
    for p in problems:
        r = Round(p)
        (res, num_round) = r.play()
        if res:
            num_solved += 1
        else:
            for h in r.history:
                print(f"\"{h[0]}\" -> {h[1]}")
            print(f"Answer was \"{p}\"")
            print()
    print(f"Number of correct answer: {num_solved} / {len(problems)}")
    print(f"Correct answer rate: {num_solved * 100.0 / len(problems)}%")


def interactive_mode():
    guesser = Guesser()
    for _ in range(6):
        guess = guesser.guess()
        print(f"Guess: {guess}")
        result = input("Input the result in C/E/.: ").strip()
        if result == "CCCCC":
            break
        guesser.think(guess, result)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # random_mode()
    exhaustive_mode()
    # interactive_mode()