import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.Arrays.stream;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toCollection;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
import static java.util.stream.IntStream.range;
import static java.util.stream.Stream.concat;
import static java.util.stream.Stream.of;

import java.io.Console;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;

/** Lispy: Small Scheme Interpreter in Java 8
 */
public class Lispy {
  public interface Fun { Object apply(Object a); }
  public interface Fun2 { Object apply(Object a, Object b); }
  public interface FunAll { Object apply(Object[] args); }

  static MethodHandle mhRef(Class<?> type, String name) {
    try {
      return MethodHandles.publicLookup().unreflect(stream(type.getMethods()).filter(m -> m.getName().equals(name)).findFirst().get());
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new Error(e);
    }
  }
  static <F> MethodHandle mh(Class<F> type, F fun) {
    return mhRef(type, "apply").bindTo(fun);
  }
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") static int compare(Object a, Object b) {
    return ((Comparable<Object>)a).compareTo(b);  // I hope Java will never have reified type
  }
  static List<?> list(Object o) { return (List<?>)o; }
  static String string(Object o) { return (String)o; }
  static double dbl(Object o) { return ((Number)o).doubleValue(); }
  static BigInteger bigint(Object o) { return ((BigInteger)o); }
  static boolean isdbl(Object o ) { return o instanceof Double; }
  
  static class Env {
    final HashMap<String, Object> dict = new HashMap<>();
    private final Env outer;

    Env(Env outer) { this.outer = outer; }
    Env find(String var) { return dict.containsKey(var)? this: outer.find(var); }
    Env add(String var, Object value) { dict.put(var, value); return this; }
    Env addAll(List<?> vars, List<?> values) { range(0, vars.size()).forEach(i -> add(string(vars.get(i)), values.get(i))); return this; }
  }
  
  static Env globalEnv() {
    return new Env(null)
      .add("+", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> (isdbl(a) || isdbl(b))? dbl(a) + dbl(b): bigint(a).add(bigint(b))))
      .add("-", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> (isdbl(a) || isdbl(b))? dbl(a) - dbl(b): bigint(a).subtract(bigint(b))))
      .add("*", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> (isdbl(a) || isdbl(b))? dbl(a) * dbl(b): bigint(a).multiply(bigint(b))))
      .add("/", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> (isdbl(a) || isdbl(b))? dbl(a) / dbl(b): bigint(a).divide(bigint(b))))
      .add("<", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> compare(a,b) < 0))
      .add("<=", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> compare(a,b) <= 0))
      .add(">", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> compare(a,b) > 0))
      .add(">=", mh(Fun2.class, (a, b) -> compare(a,b) >= 0))
      .add("=", mhRef(Object.class, "equals"))
      .add("equal?", mhRef(Object.class, "equals"))
      .add("eq?", mh(Fun2.class, (o, c) -> (((Class<?>)c).isInstance(o))))
      .add("length", mhRef(List.class, "size"))
      .add("cons", mh(Fun2.class, (a, l) -> concat(of(a), list(l).stream()).collect(toList())))
      .add("car", mh(Fun.class, l -> list(l).get(0)))
      .add("cdr", mh(Fun.class, l -> list(l).subList(1, list(l).size())))
      .add("append", mh(Fun2.class, (l, m) -> concat(list(l).stream(), list(m).stream()).collect(toList())))
      .add("list", mh(FunAll.class, args -> asList(args)).asVarargsCollector(Object[].class))
      .add("list?", mh(Fun.class, l -> l instanceof List))
      .add("null?", mhRef(List.class, "isEmpty"))
      .add("symbol?", mh(Fun.class, a -> a instanceof String));
  }

  static Object eval(Object x, Env env) {
    if (x instanceof String) {             // variable reference
      return env.find(string(x)).dict.get(x);   
    }
    if (!(x instanceof List)) {            // constant
      return x;
    }
    List<?> l = (List<?>)x;
    String var;
    Object exp, cmd = l.get(0);
    if (cmd instanceof String) {
      switch(string(l.get(0))) {
      case "quote":                        // (quote exp)
        return l.get(1);                 
      case "if":                           // (if test conseq alt)
        return eval(((Boolean)eval(l.get(1), env))? l.get(2): l.get(3), env);            
      case "set!":                         // (set! var exp)
        var = string(l.get(1));
        env.find(var).add(var, eval(l.get(2), env));
        return null;
      case "define":                       // (define var exp)
        var = string(l.get(1));
        env.add(var, eval(l.get(2), env));
        return null;
      case "lambda":                       // (lambda (vars) exp)
        List<?> vars = list(l.get(1));
        exp = l.get(2);
        return mh(FunAll.class, args -> eval(exp, new Env(env).addAll(vars, asList(args)))).asCollector(Object[].class, vars.size());
      case "begin":                        // (begin exp*)
        return l.stream().skip(1).reduce(null, (val, e) -> eval(e, env), (__1, __2) -> null);
      default:
      }
    }
    List<?> exprs = l.stream().map(expr -> eval(expr, env)).collect(toList());
    MethodHandle proc = (MethodHandle)exprs.get(0);
    try {
      return proc.invokeWithArguments(exprs.subList(1, exprs.size()));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (e instanceof Error) throw (Error)e;
      throw new Error(e);
    }
  }

  static Object parse(String s) {
    return readFrom(tokenize(s));
  }

  static Queue<String> tokenize(String text) {
    return stream(text.replace("(","( ").replace(")"," )").split(" ")).filter(s -> !s.isEmpty()).collect(toCollection(ArrayDeque::new));
  }

  static Object readFrom(Queue<String> tokens) {
    if (tokens.isEmpty()) throw new Error("unexpected EOF while reading");
    String token = tokens.poll();
    if ("(".equals(token)) {
      ArrayList<Object> l = new ArrayList<>();
      while (!tokens.peek().equals(")")) {
        l.add(readFrom(tokens));
      }
      tokens.poll();   // pop of ")"
      return l;
    }
    if (")".equals(token)) {
      return new Error("unexpected ')'");
    }
    return atom(token);
  }

  static Object atom(String token) {
    try {
      return new BigInteger(token);
    } catch(NumberFormatException __) {
      try {
        return Double.parseDouble(token);
      } catch(NumberFormatException ___) {
        return token;
      }
    }
  }

  static String toString(Object val) {
    return (val instanceof List)? list(val).stream().map(Lispy::toString).collect(joining(" ", "(", ")")): String.valueOf(val);
  }

  static void repl() {
    Console console = System.console();
    Env env = globalEnv();
    for(;;) {
      Object val = eval(parse(console.readLine("lispy> ")), env);
      if (val != null) {
        System.out.println(toString(val));
      }
    }
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    repl();
  }
}