// This source code comes from:
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8941711/is-is-possible-to-set-a-gdb-watchpoint-programatically
// with additional tricks from:
// https://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/client/linux/handler/exception_handler.cc?r=1361

#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define printf_stderr printf

enum {
    DR7_BREAK_ON_EXEC  = 0,
    DR7_BREAK_ON_WRITE = 1,
    DR7_BREAK_ON_RW    = 3,
};

enum {
    DR7_LEN_1 = 0,
    DR7_LEN_2 = 1,
    DR7_LEN_4 = 3,
};

typedef struct {
    char l0:1;
    char g0:1;
    char l1:1;
    char g1:1;
    char l2:1;
    char g2:1;
    char l3:1;
    char g3:1;
    char le:1;
    char ge:1;
    char pad1:3;
    char gd:1;
    char pad2:2;
    char rw0:2;
    char len0:2;
    char rw1:2;
    char len1:2;
    char rw2:2;
    char len2:2;
    char rw3:2;
    char len3:2;
} dr7_t;

typedef void sigactionhandler_t(int, siginfo_t*, void*);

bool set_watchpoint(void* addr, sigactionhandler_t handler)
{
    pid_t child = fork();
    if (child == -1) {
        printf_stderr("set_watchpoint -> fork -> error %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }

    if (child == 0) {
        // Child process.

        // Attach to the parent process for debugging.
        //
        // On some kernels, the parent must explicitly enable ptrace, but it
        // needs to know the pid of the child process before it can do this.
        // Therefore there is a race condition between the prctl() call below
        // and the first PTRACE_ATTACH here that could cause ptrace to fail.
        // If it does, keep trying for up to a few seconds.
        pid_t parent = getppid();
        const int WAIT_LIMIT = 1000;
        const int WAIT_INCREMENT_USEC = 10 * 1000; // 1/100 of a second
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < WAIT_LIMIT; i++) {
            if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, parent, NULL, NULL) == 0)
                break;
            usleep(WAIT_INCREMENT_USEC);
        }
        if (i == WAIT_LIMIT)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        errno = 0;

        // The design of PTRACE_ATTACH is such that the parent likely hasn't
        // stopped yet. But a minimal sleep is often sufficient to make the
        // first PTRACE_POKEUSER call below succeed.
        usleep(1);

        // Start configuring debug registers. If the first call doesn't
        // succeed, most likely the parent just hasn't stopped yet, so wait a
        // few milliseconds and try again.
        for (i = 0; i < WAIT_LIMIT; i++) {
            if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, parent, offsetof(struct user, u_debugreg[0]), addr) == 0)
                break;
            usleep(WAIT_INCREMENT_USEC);
        }
        if (i == WAIT_LIMIT)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        errno = 0;

        printf("Attached! Waited %d msec\n", 10 * i);

        dr7_t dr7 = {0};
        dr7.l0 = 1;
        dr7.rw0 = DR7_BREAK_ON_WRITE;
        dr7.len0 = DR7_LEN_4;
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, parent, offsetof(struct user, u_debugreg[7]), dr7))
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        if (ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, parent, NULL, NULL))
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    // Parent process.
    struct sigaction trap_action;
    if (sigaction(SIGTRAP, NULL, &trap_action) == -1) {
        printf_stderr("set_watchpoint -> sigaction get -> error %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }
    trap_action.sa_sigaction = handler;
    trap_action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_RESTART | SA_NODEFER;
    if (sigaction(SIGTRAP, &trap_action, NULL) == -1) {
        printf_stderr("set_watchpoint -> sigaction set -> error %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }

    // Ignore errors here.
    prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, child, 0, 0, 0);
    errno = 0;

    int child_stat = 0;
    if (waitpid(child, &child_stat, 0) == -1) {
        printf_stderr("set_watchpoint -> waitpid -> error %d (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }
    if (WEXITSTATUS(child_stat)) {
        printf_stderr("set_watchpoint -> child exit code %d\n", child_stat);
        errno = ECHILD;
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

int var;

void trap(int sig, siginfo_t* info, void* context)
{
    printf("new value: %d\n", var);
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    int i;

    printf("init value: %d\n", var);

    if (!set_watchpoint(&var, trap)) {
        perror("watchpoint");
        return 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        var++;
        usleep(100000);
    }

    return 0;
}